Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
General rule: Use the site of the instructor giving the lectures.
Comments:
Links on each will take you to the other.
Generally consistent although differences exist and reflect
the different orientations of the instructors.
Different orientations of instructors reflect economic
/engineering requirements of electricity markets
Assignments for this week
1. Read Paper on JDM website linked by the name of
California Crisis Explained. Complete HW1 (also on
JDM website) to turn in on Friday 8/26.
2. Read notes on JDM website linked by Market
Summary , called Overview of Electricity Markets.
3. Read chapter 1 in Textbook.
4. Read Notes on cost curves from JDM website.
What this course is about
Deregulation
Privatization
Vertical disaggregation
Functional unbundling
Introduced markets
Brought competition
When did this happen?
And this drove all thinking in the electric industry from 1900 until the early 1960s.
And then what happened?
Three things
1. Smaller plants began to look more economic . Why?
a) Large plants takes years to build, often must be located far away, and
create havoc when they outage. Smaller plants
are built more quickly and their construction costs are consequently subject to
less economic uncertainty;
can be located more closely to load centers, an attribute that avoids
transmission, decreases system losses, & is advantageous for system security;
are generally more reliable, and less consequential when they do outage.
b) Combined cycle units, attractive because of high efficiency, have to
account for design complexities due to coupling between CTs & HRSGs
driven by waste heat from the CTs, and so tend to be lower in rating.
c) Cogeneration facilities, attractive because of high efficiency, typically
have lower ratings as a result of their interdependency with the
industrial steam processes supported by them.
d) Plants fueled by renewable energy sources (biomass, wind, solar, and
independent hydro), attractive because of their low operating
expenses and environmental appeal, also tend to have lower ratings.
Three things
2. Reaganomics and public approval of less tax, less
government, less regulation and being competitive.
3. Fred Schweppe:
F. Schweppe, Power Systems 2000, IEEE Spectrum, Vol. 15, No. 7, July 1978.
F. Schweppe, R. Tabors, J. Kirtley, H. Outhred, F. Pickel, and A. Cox, Homeostatic Utility
Control, IEEE Trans. Pwr. App. And Sys., Vol. PAS-99, No. 3, May/June 1980.
M. Caramanis, R. Bohn, and F. Schweppe, Optimal spot pricing: practice & theory, IEEE
Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-101, No. 9 September 1982.
F. Schweppe, M. Caramanis, R. Tabors, R. Bohn, Spot Pricing of Electricity, Kluwer, 1988.
And this is what it looks like today
But what do these mean?
Vertical disaggregation
Functional unbundling
Transmission and
System Operator
G G G
G G
G G G
Independent
System
Operator G
G
Transmission
Operator