WELCOME

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 Ensuring Quality in civil Construction

Presented by :
Er. P. Das,(M.Tech.Civil )A.E, Jatni.
Under the guidance of

Er. Mahendra Kumar Mohanty

EE,DRDA,KHORDA

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 Definition of Quality
Quality means excellence.

It is thus a philosophy rather than a mere attribute.

The difference between two objects

is judged by their qualities.

We set some standards which

determine the level of acceptability.
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 Quality control:-

Quality control means rational use of resources.

Quality control procedures implement:-
appropriate mixing,
proper compaction,
correct placement and
adequate curing.
Quality control prevents temptation of over
design.

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 Quality Controls-----

Quality control ensures:-

strict monitoring of every stage of
concrete production and
rectification of faults.
Quality control reduces maintenance
costs.

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Plan, Do, Check and Act cycle
for assuring quality Plan :-quality

Do :- Working
systematically

Check:-
checking with
non
conformance

Act :-Upon
the result

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 Knowing the 20 No mistakes occurr during
construction phase ( for planning purpose )

The cement sand mix in the mortar and brick

masonry is made quite early, prior to its use
and in larger quantities than required.

The construction materials like sand, bricks,

Aggregate etc are not washed and are full of
deleterious material and dust.

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 construction mistakes

Compaction of bottom strata in foundation

work is not carried out.
During concreting of footing, the concrete is
poured at a height greater than 1m.

Generally, trapezoidal footings are resorted

to where concrete is never vibrated.

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 construction mistakes
Reinforced concrete column, being an
important part of the structure are neither
mechanically vibrated nor machine mixed.

They are cast in short lifts with increased

number of joints.
Cover to reinforcement in column, beams
and slabs is insufficient.

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 construction mistakes
No cover to reinforcement in contact of the
ground
Misalignment of column at foundation level
and rectification at higher level, leading to
eccentric loading.

Reinforced coping at plinth level being an

important barrier to dampness is never
densely cast.
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 construction mistakes

The plinth filling is never carried out

in layers nor compacted.
At the joints of Reinforced concrete
and brick masonry, either :-
the RC surface is not roughned
or filling of mortar at the joint is not
evident.

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 construction mistakes

The joint of brick masonry at larger

height are improperly racked.

Mixing ratio in plaster and brick

masonry is not maintained.

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 construction mistakes

In the case where beams are cast prior

to slabs :
In large slabs, the concrete in beams
starts setting before casting of RC slab.

The concrete spilled on the sides of

beams while casting is never removed
which gets set subsequently

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 construction mistakes

Reinforcement of RC column is kept

exposed above RC slab.
Hacking to concrete surface is poorly
done prior to Plastering.

Bearing to lintels on both the ends is not

sufficient.
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 construction mistakes

In load bearing structure ,secondary beams

are resting directly on the walls giving point
loading.

Proper care for uplift pressure in black

cotton soil is not taken in by proving with
ground beam
Combined footing

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 Result of mistakes.
The above 20 no construction mistakes may result
in

Cracks in concrete.
Improper bonding between concrete and
brick masonry.
Spillage of plaster.
Dampness of walls.
Leakage of slabs.
Cracks in brick masonry.
Settlement of foundation and walls.
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 Causes of mistakes
Causes for poor quality can be summarized
as ignorance, poor materials, poor design,
poor detailing, poor workmanship, improper
quantity of cement, improper concrete mix,
excess water, inadequate compaction,
substandard forms, inadequate curing,
inadequate cover, poor construction
practices, poor supervision and above all
lack of technical knowledge.

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Description of Frquency of Applicable % frequency
deficiency occurrence application occurrence

Inadequate
suspended
6 13 46%
reinf conc beam
depth
missing column
reinf 1 17 6%
retaining wall
reinf on wrong
side of wall 11 1 100%
inadequate
cantilever reinf
anchorage 1 1 100%

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 Effectiveness of the Existing system in quality
vulnerability reduction
Entity Comments

Block Development Officer Check only the progress

Assistant Engineer Monitor progress,Check quality,encourage public participation

JE Estimate,Execute,Check only during his presence

Executive Officer Does not Check quality

Executant only interested in profit as 10%, profit is not in estimate

Sanjojaka Can't be believed,not accountable

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 Relation between Quality and Cost
With the
increase of
quality of
design, cost
increase is
exponential but
value addition
initially
increases, but
starts saturating
at of some point.
Hence the
optimum cost is
arrived when
slope of both the
curves is same .
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 Economics of Quality of Conformance
One can note
that with the
increase of
quality of
construction,
cost of quality
control gets
saturated.
Thus we can
arrive at
optimum
quality for
minimum cost
from total cost
of the
construction.

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Case Study

Project : Community
Centre
Scheme : MPLAD
GP: Gangapada
Est.Cost :-3.96 Lakh
Steps taken : The
entire reinforcement
was wrong, and was
removed as per the
design requirement
Of the slab
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 CONCLUSIONS:

100% quality in PR Deptt. can not be

controlled it can only be managed by :-
Immediate Execution of the work

Use of machinery and technology

Experienced quality engineer

Distributing quality manuals to the

people
More no of supervision to the site 24
Thank you

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