AIR TRANSPORTATION

-Bipin Gyawali
-Padma Bahadur Mandal
-Reeta Khadka
-Saroj Acharya
 Air Transport in Nepal/History

1949: The date heralded the formal beginning of aviation in

Nepal with the landing of a 4 seater lone powered vintage
Beach-craft Bonanza aircraft of Indian Ambassador Mr. Sarjit
Singh Mahathia at Gauchar.
1950: The first charter flight By Himalayan Aviation Dakota
from Gauchar to Kolkata.
1955: King Mahendra inaugurated Gauchar Airport and
renamed it as
Tribhuvan Airport.
1957: Grassy runway transformed into a concrete one.
 Air Transport in Nepal/History

1957: Department of Civil Aviation founded.

1958: Royal Nepal Airlines started scheduled services
domestically and externally.
1959: RNAC fully owned by HMG/N as a public undertaking.
1959: Civil Aviation Act 2015 BS. promulgated.
1960: Nepal attained ICAO membership.
1964: Tribhuvan Airport renamed as Tribhuvan International
Airport.
1967: The 3750 feet long runway extended to 6600 feet.
 Air Transport in Nepal/History

1967: Landing of a German Airlines Lufthansa Boeing 707.

1968: Thai International starts its scheduled jet air services.
1972: Nepalese jet aircraft Boeing 727/100 makes a debut
landing at TIA. ATC services taken over by Nepalese
personnel from Indian technicians.
1975: TIA runway extended to 10000 feet from the previous
6600 feet.
1976: FIC (Flight Information Center) established.
1977: Nep1989: Completion of International Terminal
Building and first landing of Concorde.
1990: New International Terminal Building of TIA
inaugurated by King Birendra
 Air Transport in Nepal/History

1992: Adoption of Liberal Aviation Policy and emergence of

private sector in domestic aic transport.
1993: National Civil Aviation Policy promulgated.
1995: Domestic Terminal Building at TIA and Apron
Expanded.
1998: CAAN established as an autonomous Authority.
2002: Expansion of the International Terminal Building at
TIA and the construction of a new air cargo complex.
2004: Domestic operation by jet aircraft commenced.
2005: International flights by two private operators began.
 Air Transport in Nepal/History

2006: A new comprehensive Aviation Policy introduced.

GMG Airlines of Bangladesh, Korean Air and Air Arabia
started air service to Nepal.
2007: Identification of site location for a new second
international airport Etihad, Dragon Air, Silk Air, Orient Thai
and Hong Kong Express commenced their service to Nepal.
2010: An agreement was signed between Nepal Government
and CAAN for Capacity Enhancement Project of TIA under
ADB loan.
2012: RNP AR Procedures for TIA effected from June.
2012: CAA received TRAINAIR PLUS Associate Membership
from ICAO
Some Organizations Related to
the Civil Aviation
International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO)
Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal
(CAAN)
Aircraft Accident Investigation
Report
Nepal Airlines Co-operation
 ICAO
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a
UN specialized agency, established by States in 1944 to manage
the administration and governance of the Convention on
International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention).
ICAO works with the Conventions 191 Member States and
industry groups to reach consensus on international civil
aviation Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) and
policies in support of a safe, efficient, secure, economically
sustainable and environmentally responsible civil aviation
sector.
Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN)
Mission : Ensuring safe, secured, efficient, standard and quality
service in Civil Aviation and Airport Operations.

Vision: Making Air Services an Effective Vehicle of high

Economic Growth through Wide Scale Tourism Promotion
and Accessibility
Nepal Airlines Co-operation
Nepal Airlines Corporation (NAC) was
incorporated on 1 July 1958 through
enactment of Nepal Airlines Corporation
Act. 2019 with the following main objective
to provide air transport service to any
person, agency or organization who need
such service for transportation of men or
materials from one airport to another either
within or outside the country.
 SOME DEFINATIONS

Authority" means the Nepal Civil Aviation

Authority established under Section 3.
"Aerodrome" means any definite or limited area in water or
on ground intended to be utilized wholly or in part for the
landing or take off of the aircraft, and it also includes all
buildings, sheds, aircraft, vessels and piers.
Aerodrome area" means aerodrome or any place, building,
shed, tower, aircraft, vessel, boat and pier with or without
installation of any machine and communication or
navigational air equipments intended for the purpose of
operation and control of air flights or exchange of
information and knowledge related therewith.
 "Aircraft" means any machine which can derive support in
the atmosphere from reactions of the air, and this term also
includes balloons, whether fixed or not fixed with the land
airships, helicopters, kites, gliders, hang gliders, micro light,
balloons and any other flying machines.
"Permission for Air Flight" means permission granted for
scheduled, non-scheduled, chartered, personal, emergency
and diplomatic (air) flights.
"Plan" means a development plan related with air
transport service and facilities under Section 6.
"Passenger Service Facilities" means all other facilities including

postal service, bank (inclusive of money-exchange counter),

insurance, telephone, duty free shop, curio shop, book shops,
information center, cafeteria, toilet, passenger lounge, waiting
lounge, retiring lounge, ticket inspection lounge, immigration and
customs inspection lounge, security guards and porters for the
security of passengers and for carrying their baggage, and
baggage protection (locker), means of transportation to be made
available in the aerodrome area .
"Institution operating air service" means a corporation, company,

agent, firm or person established with the object of operating air

transportation service undertaking the responsibility for carrying
passengers, mail and baggage.
 "Flying School" means an institute meant for imparting
training to technicians concerned with the operation of civil
aviation in subjects pertaining to civil aviation and imparting
other similar types to technical knowledge, and this term also
includes a flying club established with a similar object.
"Aircraft owner" means a person, company or association or
corporation having ownership of any aircraft and this term
also includes a manager or managing agent, if appointed, of
such a company or association or corporation.
 "Board" means the board of directors constituted under
section13
"Chairperson" means the chairperson of the Board of
Directors. (m) "Member" means a member of the Board,
and this term also includes the member cum secretary of the
Board.
"Director General" means the director general appointed
under section 19.
"Prescribed" or "as prescribed" means prescribed or as
prescribed in the Rules framed under this Act.
 GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND PLANS
Air Services Agreement
a. continuity will be given to the existing liberal sky policy,
and open sky policy will be pursued gradually
b. initiation will be taken to make bilateral and
multilateral air services aggrements with those countries
with ample possibilities of tourism promotion, based on
equality and reciprocity, and in such a manner as to yield
maxium bebefits of Nepal.
Use Of Air Space
Development and expansion of international direct air
routes based on satellite will be carried on, while
availing the modern technologies for the safe, efficient
and economical flight operations.

Flight Safety
a. top priority will be accorded to the enforcement of
the standards and recommendations set and made by
the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
for the enhancement of flight safety.
b. necessary standards shall be set in order to
discourage imports of old aircrafts.
 Aviation Security
In order to protect civil aviation against unauthorized
intervention, civil aviation will be further strengthened
and made further effective in consonance with
international conventions, protocols related with
aviation security and the standards set by the
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
Nepal Airlines Cooperation
The institutional and legal improvements of the Nepal
Airlines Cooperation will be made in order to convert it
into an efficient, reliable, credible and business service
provider organization and to enhance its capacity,
 Domestic Air Services
Provisions of systematic and transparent procedures will be
made on the issuance of the permission to operate domestic
air services and of the air operator certificate based on the
assessment of the requirements of domestic flights,
equipments and other facilities installed in airports, and
the reliability of the management, financial, technical
aspects as well as other aspects of airlines operating
organizations.
Domestic Air Transport Network

47 airports
14 airlines
company
 International Air Services
Transportation provisions will be developed on the issuance
of the permission to operate international air services and
of the air operator certificate based on the assessment and
reliability of the management, financial, technical aspects
of the organizations in such a manner that they can
participate in a healthy and competitive manner. Such right
will be distributed in a transport manner, taking also into
account the liability/responsibility to be borne by the
nation in the operation of the services of such
organizations, provision of route schedule, number of
flights, seat capacity and traffic rights as contained in air
services agreements and understandings.
International Air Transport Network

1 international
airport (TIA)
More than 25
destinations
3 national airlines
25 foreign airlines
Analysis of Air Transport in Nepal
Only means of transportation for most of the
Himalayan region where other means of
transportation is not properly developed.
Not easily affordable to general public due to expensive
fare
High accident rate due to lack of proper facilities and
management in airports
Lack of proper metrological prediction technology
makes the airlines operation unsafe.
Conclusions and Recommendations
The facilities in airports runway, terminals must be
improved to make the service safer.
Establishment of meteorological stations with modern
equipment for better prediction of weather and for
making the air transport safer
Proper regulation on airlines company to ensure that
airlines are timely maintained
Construction of new international airports to ease the
congestion at TIA
Thank You!!