STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS I

PROF. AMIT SHAW

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
IIT KHARAGPUR
Email: abshaw@civil.iitkgp.ernet.in
abshaw1978@gmail.com

1
 Module I: Lecture 4

Determinate and Indeterminate Structures

Outline
Static Equilibrium Equations: Applications (Determination of
Support Reactions)

Concept of Determinate and Indeterminate Structures

Equations of Static Equilibrium
Internal External loads and the internal
External Forces
loads forces and moments developed in
the structure are in equilibrium

External Forces Internal Forces 0

External Moments Internal Moments 0

Three Dimension

F 0 F
x y 0 F z 0 F x 0 F y 0 M z 0
M 0 Mx y 0 M z 0 Two Dimension
Equations of Static Equilibrium: Linear Independence

F 0
Ax b
x

F 0
y
(System of linear equations )
M 0 z

None of the equations can be derived from others

2x 6 y 2z 2 2 6 2 x 2
1 5 1 y 3
x 5y z 3 (No unique solution)
x yz 2 1 1 1 z 2
 +ve
Equations of Static Equilibrium: Applications
MA
A P B P B
C Ax A C
a b Ay a b
FBD of AB
Applying static equilibrium equations
F x 0 Ax 0

F y 0 Ay P 0 Ay P

M A 0 M A Pa 0 M A Pa
 +ve
Equations of Static Equilibrium: Applications
MA
A P B P B
C Ax A C
a b Ay a b By
FBD of AB
F x 0 Ax 0 (1)
M B 0

M A ( a b) Ay Pb 0
F y 0 Ay B y P (2)
Ay P B y M A ( a b)( P B y ) Pb 0
M A 0
M A ( a b) B y Pa 0
M A ( a b) B y Pa 0 (3)
Indeterminate Structures
 +ve
Equations of Static Equilibrium: Applications
Internal Hinge
A P B M D 0
C D
bBy 0 B y 0 (3)
a b/2 b/2
MA MD= 0 MD= 0
P Dx Dx B
Ax A D
C D
Dy Ax 0 Ay P
Ay a b/2 D b By
FBD of AD y FBD of DB B y 0 M A Pa

F 0 A B P (1)
y y y

M A 0 M (a b / 2) B
A y Pa 0(2)
 +ve
Equations of Static Equilibrium: Applicationsq
q

For any value

h of Ax = Bx
Bx equilibrium is
A B Ax
satisfied
By
l Ay FBD of AB
But any value
F 0 A B 0 (1)
x x x From (2) may not be
Fy 0 A B ql (2)
y y A ql / 2 y
kinematically
admissible
M A 0 ql (l / 2) B l 0 B ql / 2
y y
 +ve
Equations of Static Equilibrium: Applications
q q

C C Cx
Internal Hinge
Cy ql 2
h h Ax Bx
8h
A B Ax FBD of AC
A ql
Ax B y
l Ay l/2 2
Ay B y ql / 2 M C 0
Ay (l / 2) Ax ( h) (ql / 2)(l / 4) 0
(ql / 2)(l / 2) Ax (h) (ql / 2)(l / 4) 0
Ax ql 2 8h
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Static equilibrium equations alone are insufficient for determining
support reactions or internal forces
No. of Unknown < No. of Unknown = No. of Unknown >
No of Equilibrium No of Equilibrium No of Equilibrium
Equations Equations Equations
(Not Desirable) (Week 2 6) (Week 7 11)

Stable (some constraints

Unstable Stable are redundant)
 Next Lecture
Review of Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram in Beams