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PENGANTAR JARINGAN
KOMPUTER DAN
KOMUNIKASI DATA
Telecommunications Systems
(BussinesDictionary.com)
Telecommunications can be defined as communication of data and
information by electronic means such as telephone, radio, television, and
computer, usually over some distance
Computer communications : a process in which one computer
transfers data, information and instructions to another computer
Telecommunications system is a collection of compatible hardware
and software arranged to communicate data, information and instructions
from one location to another
Telecommunications systems can transmit text, graphic images, voice,
and video information through communications channel
Telecommunications Systems(cont.)
Overview
Model telekomunikasi
Telecommunications Systems(cont.)
MODEM (Modulation/Demodulation)
1. Communications Devices
1. Dial-up modem
1. Communications Devices
3. wireless modem
1. Communications Devices
1. bridge
Network bridging provides
an easy way to connect 2
or more network to become
a single big network
without using router in
order to share file, printer
or Internet connection.
Please note that all
computers in different
network that needs to be
bridged must sit in same
logical IP network.
Telecommunications System Components(cont.)
2. gateway
1. Communications Devices
4. front-end processor
1. Communications Devices
6. repeater
1. Communications Devices
Communications Channels
communications path between
two devices.
composed of one or more
transmission media
The amount of signals that can
travel over a communications
channel sometimes is called the
Bandwidth
Baseband transmission media
can transmit only one signal at a
time
broadband media can transmit
multiple signals simultaneously
Telecommunications System Components(cont.)
2. Communications Channels
2. coaxial cable
2. Communications Channels
2. Celular radio
a form of broadcast radio that is used widely for mobile
communications, specifically wireless modems and cell phones
Several categories of cellular transmissions exist, defining the
development of cellular networks:
1G (first generation) transmitted analog data
2G (second generation) transmit digital data at speeds from
9.6 kbps to 19.2 kbps
3G (third generation) transmit digital data at speeds from 114
kbps to 2.4 Mbps
4G (fourth generation) transmit digital data at speeds up to 15
Mbps
3G technology allows users quickly to display multimedia and
graphics, browse the Web, watch television or a video, have a
video conference, and transfer data on a cellular device
Telecommunications System Components(cont.)
2. Communications Channels
Telecommunications System Components(cont.)
2. Communications Channels
3. microwafe
4. communications satellite
5. infrared
a wireless transmission media that
sends signals using infrared light
waves
Infrared transmission requires a line-of-
sight transmission and short distances -
- under a few hundred yards
Infrared transmission can be used to
connect various devices and
computers.
For example, infrared transmission has been used to allow handheld
computers to transmit data and information to larger computers within
the same room
This means of transmission can be used to establish a wireless
network with the advantage that devices can be moved, removed,
and installed without expensive wiring and network connections
Telecommunications System Components(cont.)
3. Comm. Soft., standards, Protocol
Communications software
consists of programs that
help users establish a connection to another computer or network;
manage the transmission of data, instructions, and information;
provide an interface for users to communicate with one another
A set of rules and procedures governing transmission between
components in a network is called a protocol
The principal functions of protocol in a network include:
identifying each device in the communication path
securing the attention of the other device
verifying correct receipt of the transmitted message
determining that a message requires retransmission if it is
incomplete or has errors
performing recovery when errors occur
Telecommunications System Components(cont.)
3. Comm. Soft., standards, Protocol
Ethernet
a network standard that specifies no central computer or device on the
network (nodes) should control when data can be transmitted
each node attempts to transmit data when it determines the network is
available to receive communications
If two computers on an Ethernet network attempt to send data at the
same time, a collision will occur, and the computers must attempt to
send their messages again
Ethernet is the popular communications protocol often used with local
area networks (LAN) because it is relatively inexpensive and easy to
install and maintain
A more recent Ethernet standard, called Fast Ethernet , 10-Gigabit
Ethernet
Telecommunications System Components(cont.)
3. Comm. Soft., standards, Protocol
Token Ring
another popular network standard for LANs.
Token ring is based on ring topology (although it can use a star topology)
Some token ring networks connect up to 72 devices
The data transfer rate on a token ring network can range from 4 Mbps to
1 Gbps
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
a network standard that defines how messages (data) are routed from
one end of a network to the other, ensuring the data arrives correctly
TCP/IP has been adopted as a network standard for Internet
communications.
TCP provides transport functions, ensuring, among other things, that the
amount of data received is the same as the amount transmitted
IP provides the addressing and routing mechanism that acts as
postmaster
Telecommunications System Components(cont.)
3. Comm. Soft., standards, Protocol
802.11 (Wi-Fi)
developed by IEEE, is a series of
network standards that specifies how
two wireless devices communicate over
the air with each other
The 802.11 standard often is called the
wireless Ethernet standard because it
uses techniques similar to the Ethernet
standard to specify how physically to
configure a wireless network
The term Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) identifies any network based on the
802.11 series of standards
Windows Vista and Windows Mobile include support for Wi-Fi. Most of
today's computers and many personal mobile devices are Wi-Fi
enabled.
Telecommunications System Components(cont.)
3. Comm. Soft., standards, Protocol
Bluetooth
a network standard that defines how two Bluetooth devices use short-
range radio waves to transmit data
The data transfers between devices at a rate of up to 3 Mbps
To communicate with each other, Bluetooth devices often must be
within about 10 meters but can be extended to 100 meters with
additional equipment. Windows Vista has built-in Bluetooth support.
UWB
stands for ultra-wideband, is a network standard that specifies how two
UWB devices use short-range radio waves to communicate at high
speeds with each other
At distances of 10 meters (about 33 feet), the data transfer rate is 110
Mbps. At closer distances, such as 2 meters (about 6.5 feet), the
transfer rate is at least 480 Mbps
Because of its high transfer rates, UWB is best suited for transmission of
large files such as video, graphics, and audio.
Telecommunications System Components(cont.)
3. Comm. Soft., standards, Protocol
IrDA
a standard for transmitting data wirelessly to each other via infrared light
waves
he devices transfer data at rates from 115 Kbps to 4 Mbps between their
IrDA ports
Infrared requires a line-of-sight transmission, which means that the
sending device and the receiving device must be in line with each other
so that nothing obstructs the path of the infrared light wave
RFID
a standard that defines how a network uses radio signals to
communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object, an animal, or
a person
An active RFID tag contains a battery that runs the chip's circuitry and
broadcasts a signal to the RFID reader
A passive RFID tag does not contain a battery , can be small enough to
be embedded in skin
Telecommunications System Components(cont.)
3. Comm. Soft., standards, Protocol
Transmission Direction
Simplex transmission sends data in one
direction only. One example of simplex
transmission is television broadcasting.
Half-duplex transmission allows data
transmission in either direction, but only
one way at a time. Many fax machines,
credit card verification systems and
automatic teller machines use half-duplex
transmission.
Full-duplex transmission, data can flow in
both directions at the same time. A regular
telephone line, for example, supports full-
duplex transmission, allowing both parties
to talk at same time.
Multiplex transmission, several different
types of signals can be carried at once
through the same line.
Networks
Network Topologies
A network is a collection of
computers and devices connected
1. Network Topologies
by telecommunications channels
that allows users to facilitate
communications, and to share
data, information, software, and
hardware with other users.
A network topology is a
description of the possible
physical connections within a
network
In a network topology, a component is called a node, which refers to any
device connected to a network, including the server, computers,
telephones, and other devices
Three commonly used network topologies are bus, ring, and star.
Networks(cont.)
1. Bus network
consists of a single central cable, to
1. Network Topologies
chain
Data messages travel in only one
direction from device to device
around the entire ring
The node examines any data that
passes by to see if it is the
addressee; if not, the data is passed
on to the next node in the ring
If a node on a ring network fails, all
nodes before the failed node are
unaffected, but those after the failed
nodes cannot function
Networks(cont.)
3. Star network
all of the computers and
1. Network Topologies
Networks(cont.)
Networks(cont.)
Network Architectures
The design of computers, devices, and media in a network, sometimes
3. Network Architectures
a simple, inexpensive
network
All computers in a peer-to-
peer network have equal
status; no one computer is
in control
Each computer, called a
peer, in the network can
share the hardware, data, or
programs located on any
other computer in the
network
Each computer stores files
on its own storage devices