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Power Applications
Overview
Introduction
Communication Needs of Power System
Communication Technologies
Existing Communication Systems
Challenges
Future Trends
2
Introduction
Communications is the enabling technology for
Power System
No single communication technology as being
best suited for all power system needs
Requirements must consider type, source,
amount, frequency, and delivery requirements of
data/voice transmitted
3
Communication Needs of Power
System
Reliability
Cost effectiveness
Capacity to handle data rates
Adequate to meet response requirements
Ability to reach identified areas of power system
Ease of operation and maintenance
Security (of data and of control actions)
4
Communication Reliability
Reliable communication with respect to:
Exposure to severe environment
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
Transient EMI (lightning, faults)
Outage of transmission lines
Power outages
Radio paths obstructed or attenuated (by
buildings or foliage)
5
Cost Effectiveness
Communication system costs are significant
High cost of communication system may become
an impediment
Evaluate both first cost and lifetime operation
and maintenance costs
Look for best trade-off between total costs and
overall performance
6
Capacity to handle data rates
8
Ability to Reach Areas of Power System
Difficult Terrain
Communications that rely on the power line may
have difficulty
During outage of line
Extreme weather conditions
Terminal equipment in outage areas may require
backup power for long durations
9
Ease of Operation and Maintenance
A communications system is a complex
combination of transmitters, receivers, and data
links
Manpower not trained and not familiar with
communications equipment
Personnel trained for new skills involved ?
New tools acquired ?
Use standardized components and
communication protocols
10
Security of data and control actions
Power System communication
Data & Voice have critical
importance.
Communication security is a
necessity.
11
Security of data and control actions
12
Security of data and control actions
Maintaining the security of
communications between
the control center and field
devices is one of the most
urgent problems facing
todays control environment.
13
Communication Technologies
Wired Wireless
Power Line Carrier Microwave
Communication(PLCC)
Dedicated Leased Line VSAT
Optic Fiber Mobile Networks
14
Power Line Carrier
Communication(PLCC)
Power Lines used for point to point communication
Terminal equipments used to send/receive data/voice
Works on audio band width 20 to 20 KHz
Carrier 30 KHz to 500 KHz
15
Typical PLCC Arrangement for S/C LINE
PHASE-GROUND COUPLING
E/W CKT-I E/W
R R
Y Y
B B
CVT/CC
CVT/CC
CD CD
Coupling Types in PLCC System
17
PLCC---Uses
Voice communication
Tele-control
Tele-protection
SCADA data from RTU
18
PLCC---Pros
Easy availability
Cost effective
Ease of operation & maintenance
19
PLCC--- Cons
Limited bandwidth(4 KHz)
Data speeds up to only 1200 Bauds possible
Prone to Noise & Interference
Effect of weather conditions-frost, high pollution etc
Depends on physical connectivity of power lines
Needs government approval for carrier freq selection
Not suitable for todays needs of automation like SAS,
remote control etc.
20
Fiber Optic Communication
Fiber optic cable functions as a "light guide," guiding the light introduced at one end of the cable
through to the other end. The light source can either be a light-emitting diode (LED) or a laser.
Using a lens, the light pulses are funneled into the fiber-optic medium where they travel down
the cable.
22
Fiber Optic (Contd..)
Pros:
Fast becoming common in utilities for voice
and data transmission
Offer many advantages
extremely high data transmission rates
immunity from electromagnetic interference
24
VSAT Communication
Geo-synchronous satellite
36,000 km
NETWORK
MANAGEMENT
CENTER
UTILITY
SHARED HUB
CONTROL VSATs
CENTER
26
VSAT (contd..)
Various frequency bands:
C-band (4/6 GHz), Ku-band (12/14 GHz),Ka-
band(30/20 GHz)
Advantages
Near-universal coverage
Good reliability
Fast installation
Disadvantages
Cost
Transmission delays
RLDC
Wide Band
Commn
(MW / FO)
SLDC SLDC
Wide Band
Commn
Sub-LDC Sub-LDC
Wide Band /
PLCC Commn
RTU RTU RTU
SCADA/EMS SYSTEM OVERVIEW
CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAM OF SCADA SYSTEM
REGIONAL LOAD AREA LOAD DISPATCH CENTRE (RLDC)
Panel Panel
Multi-port multi-Port
Stallion Stallion
Adapters adapters
Splitter
Modem
Modem Modem
Modem
RTU
RTU RTU
INTER-SITE communications
Protocol management
ICCP within Open Access
Gateway
Data acquisition and transfer to
other center(s)
Indirect remote control (from / to
other control centers)
SCADA/
ICCP Server
ICCP
Other Sites/ICCP Server
RTU Connectivity
Normal RTU LAN-B Critical RTU LAN-B
LAN-A
LAN-A
S
M M
M
M M
M
RTU RTU
Interface for RTUs reporting to Control Centre
Through PLCC LINK .
Control Centre
RTU Location
Data (FSK) Data (FSK)
PLCC Modem
Modem PLCC
Analog Analog Modem
RTU
Modem
Modem
speech
speech
Interface for RTU reporting to Control Centre via
Tandem
PLCC/Wideband Link & Wideband Links
RTU Location Wideband Node
Data(Fsk)
Modem Data(Fsk)
PLCC PLCC
Analog
Analog
RTU
Speech Primary 1
Control Centre Speech
Mux 2
Speech 1 Primary Radio Radio
3 Require
2 Mux
-- Modem
3
Modem -
--
Modem 29
Sub 28 Radio 64 kbps Sub
Modem 30
Mux Link Mux
29
30
RADIO RADIO
CFE MUX TX / RX TX / RX MUX RTU
OLTE OLTE
CFE MUX MUX RTU
Technology %Usage
Power Line Carrier 50
Analog/digital Micro wave 15
Fiber Optic 30
GSM/GPRS <1
V-sat 5
WIDEBAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR EASTERN REGION
Bodhgaya Hajipur Lalganj
ORISSA
Sub LDC JHARKHAND BIHAR Mujaffarpur
Budhipadar Manpur
Hatia
Atari
Rajgir
Jeypore(CS)
Bamra SLDC Fatuha
Sub LDC Ranchi SLDC
Jayanagar Biharshariff Patna
Bargaon (BSEB) Tower # 313
Biharshariff
U/G
( Repeater Shelter )
Therubali (CS)
Kahalgaon (CS )
Kutra
Chainpal Backup
Burdwan PDT
SLDC 30M
Kamakhyanagar Belmuri
Bhubaneswar Jeerat
Naupada 100M Sub LDC
60M
Mathkargola Backup
NBU
SLDC
Barchana 64 KBPS Backup India -
Howrah PDT Bhutan
Jajpur
Duburi Backup Siliguri (CS) border at
Town 64 KBPS
Vidyut 90 km
Bhavan DVC HQ Kasba
LEGEND:- : Under Ground Fibre
Microwave Link with Station :
Microwave Repeater Station : ERSCC 100M
Fibre Optic Link with Station : : RTCC link between Jey- Dgp For Indrvati
Calcutta
Monitoring Centre : & Jeypore RTU & Backup link
WIDEBAND COMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR
NORTHERN REGION SCADA SYSTEM
PUNJAB
JAMMU & KASHMIR RISHIKESH
HAMIRPUR
GLADNI HARDWAR
DULHASTI GAGAL
SALAL HIMACHAL
PRADESH ROORKEE
CHAMERA-1
BAIRASUIL
GANGUWAL UTTAR PRADESH ROORKEE
JANIPURA KUNIHAR
CHAMERA-2 ROPAR
JUTOGH-SLDC MUHAMDPUR
KISHENPUR JALLANDHAR-II
URI
UDHAMPUR
WAGOORA M E E R UT -800 MUZAFERNAGAR
MEERUT-220
GORAYA JAMALPUR BARNALA
KURALI HARYANA (MODIPURAM)
MURAD NAGAR-II
TIBER
CHANDIGARH GULAUTI
ASSANDH PANIPAT-TPS
AMRITSAR (BBMB)
MALLERKOTLA
JALLENDHAR
LUDHIANA
M OGA
FATEHABAD
PANIPAT-SLDC KHURJA
M U R A D NA GA
JAGRAON LALTON KALAN MALERKOTLA GOBINDGARH NAUSERA DHULKOTE HARDUAGANJ
MOGA PATIALA- SLDC
NARORA
N A L A G ARH
KAITHAL
SIKANDRA RAO
PATIALA
HISSAR JHAJJAR ABDULLAPUR
SONIPAT
N A T H P A JHA KRI
RATANGARH
BAHADURGARH
ETAH 123
H I S SAR
BHIWANI DADRI SLDC
CP CC- 2
GAZIPUR
NIBKARORI
RAJASTHAN URI
VINDHYACHAL L U CK NO
BALIA D A U L IGA N GURSAHAIGANJ
GORAKHPUR G O R A K HPU
SIKAR IP.POWER TANAKPUR
MINTO ROAD
KHANJAWALA
BAHADURGARH
RAIBAREILLY
DELHI CB GA NJ
SITARGANJ
V I N D HYC HA L U NNA O
BILHAU
LOCAL_PG
LODHI ROAD
PALSANA U NCHHA R
R S CC A L L AH ABA D ALLAHAB
N R LDC IP.EXT.
SINGRAULI P A NK I A U R I YA
DADRI HVDC K A NPUR
NAJABGARH
CP CC- 1 DADRI GAS
RIHAND HVDC KANPUR
DA DR I THM SINGRAULI
R I H A ND THM AJGAIN
REENGUS SARITA VIHAR
L U K HNOW
DADRI ( S A R O JNI N a gar )
BADARPUR
AGRA
RIHAND HVDC
ANTA BADARPUR
B H I W ADI S H A K TI
B HA W A N
HINGONIA B A S SI
LUCKNOW
MEHRAULI OKHLA A GR A SAMESHI
BAMNAULI RAIBAREILLY
BHIWADI
TEHRI
F A R ID ABA D RIHAND PIPRI
MANDOLA
BALLABGARH
BAREILLY RAE BARELI
MAINPURI
SIRSHI B A L LA BGA RH
ALWAR
BASSI M A N D O LA DALLA GAURIGANJ
H E E R APU RA
OBRA B
LEGEND SULTANPUR
RAMGANJ
STATION
REPEATER ROBERTGANJ
PHAGI DEBARI
SUB SLDC
KOTA ( PG ) MAU AIMMA
R A PP - A
CHITTORGARH SLDC
R A PP - B MARIHANE
MALPURA ANTA
CPCC
KAKRAULI ALLAHABAD
BHINMAL NO PATH
RAPP -C FIBER
MICROWAVE
KEKRI HANDIA
TELECOM LINK
SAHAPURA BHILWARA MANPURA BIJOLIA DABI TALERA AZAMGARH VARANSI SAHUPURI CHUNAR MIRZAPUR
KOTA DIFFERENT PATH
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION CORPORATION LIMITED WIDEBAND COMMUNICATION NETWORK Prepared by : SCADA Deptt.
FOR NORTHERN REGION SCADA SYSTEM
NORTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE Updated on : October, 2010
Challenges
Indian Power networks growing faster, larger & more
complex.
Data communication needs to be much faster catering
to smart grid initiatives being taken up.
With faster, smarter & innovative technologies, data
security to be addressed adequately.
All radio communication to be replaced with fibre optic
network by Dec.,2011 as per GOI decision.
45
Future Trends
Smart grid technologies driving communication needs.
High speed fibre optic networks need of the hour.
Increasing use of internet as the mechanism for data
communication.
Main thrust on security issues with use of web based
technologies.
Introduction of Service oriented architecture(SOA) will
need high band width networks.
46
Future Trends (contd..)
Growing insistence on adherence to
communication standards.
Possible application of cellular digital packet
data radio technologies.
47
Thank You
Devendra Kumar
DGM,ERLDC