In Engineering Materials

By: Nikolas Anthony Bryan-Dunaway

OUTLINE

Purpose Statement

Introduction (1-3)
Materials & Methods (1-3)
What Is
Analysis (1-3) Next?
Conclusions
OUTLINE

Purpose Statement
Introduction (1-3)
Materials & Methods (1-3) Why Read
Analysis (1-3) This?
Conclusions
PURPOSE STATEMENT
The purpose of this
presentation is to
familiarize you as an
up and, coming
engineer, with the
concept of creep
deformation in
engineering materials.
Common creep
testing machines
OUTLINE

Purpose Statement
Introduction (1-3) Creep
Materials & Methods (1-3) Deformation
Analysis (1-3) Defined
Conclusions
INTRODUCTION (1/3)
Question: What is Creep Deformation?

Answer: Creep deformation is a naturally

occurring situation where a material
becomes stretched, or deformed, by
being subjected to constant forces at
a given temperature.

It is a function of changing strain

Guitar Strings over time.
Become Detuned
after initially being
strung because of
creep deformation.
INTRODUCTION (2/3)
First, lets define strain.

Strain, in engineering, can be defined as

the direct proportionality of the change in
dimension and the inverse proportionality
of its original dimension such that:

New Dimension
Original Dimension Strain
Original Dimension
INTRODUCTION (3/3)
-The Stages of Creep-
A graphic representation of creep.
Stage 1: Initial Strain- Material is strain
loaded which seems to be almost
instantaneous after which the strain rate
begins to drop off.

Stage 2: Linear strain- Strain increases at

fixed rate due to work hardening (becoming
stronger under stress) and annealing
(thermal softening) which happen
simultaneously throughout portions of the
material.

Stage 3: Necking- the strain becomes

exponential because of necking, or, the
rapid reduction in cross sectional area.
OUTLINE

Purpose Statement

Introduction (1-3)
Materials & Methods (1-3)
A Case In
Analysis (1-3) Study
Conclusions
MATERIALS & METHODS (1/3)
We conducted our own creep test. This is what we
used to perform the experiment:
Materials:

1. 24-30in, 0.093 Gauge Solder Wire, 60% Tin-40% Lead (2)

2. 1200g Weight (1)
3. 1500g Weight (1)
4. Wooden Dowel (1)
5. Work Shop Tool Mounting Hooks (4)
6. Workshop Tool Mounting Board (1)
7. Yard Rulers (2)
 MATERIALS & METHODS (2/3)
-Experiment Setup-

Step We started by hanging the

wooden dowel on the

Mounting Hooks
1 mounting hooks that were
fixed to the board

Wooden Dowel

Solder Wire
Step We then fixed two pieces of
wire to the dowel by winding
Gauge
points at 2 the material around it.

Yard Ruler which to

calculate
1200g Weight
change in
length. Step Finally we set two yard
rulers parallel to each wire

1500g Weight
3 and fixed them in place by
tape.

Step We marked two gauge

points on the wire within the
rulers measurable area and
Mounting
Board 4 attached the weights at the
ends of the wires.
MATERIALS & METHODS (3/3)
We let the samples sit for a couple of weeks. The
experiment took place indoors at room temperature.
We took measurements by reading the measurement
coinciding with the marks and subtracting the two to get
our change in length. We repeated this process a few
times during the day. After finishing, we plotted the
data and determined the wires creep deformation
graphically. We measured the time since the start of
the experiment in cumulative minutes.
OUTLINE

Purpose Statement
Introduction (1-3)
Materials & Methods (1-3) Graphical
Analysis (1-3) Interpretation
Conclusions
Analysis (1/3)
CREEP OF 60%Sn-40%Pb SOLDER
w/1200g Weight
0.900 After conducting the
experiment we saw that
0.800

0.700

0.600 our graph looked a lot

STRAIN (L/Lo)

like the graph at the

0.500

0.400
CREEP
0.300 CURVE
beginning of the
presentation. Look at
0.200

0.100

0.000
1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000
the graph again.
LOG (TIME,MIN)
Analysis (2/3)
CREEP OF 60%Sn-40%Pb SOLDER
w/1200g Weight
0.900

0.800

0.700

0.600
STRAIN (L/Lo)

0.500

0.400
CREEP
0.300 CURVE

0.200

0.100

0.000
1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000

LOG (TIME,MIN)
Analysis (3/3)
CREEP OF 60%Sn-40%Pb SOLDER
w/1200g Weight
0.900
Our graph is missing stage 1 of
0.800
the creep deformation. The
0.700

0.600
reason for this is because this
STRAIN (L/Lo)

0.500 stage happens very rapidly,

0.400
CREEP especially in a material like
0.300 CURVE
solder, and we were unable to
0.200

0.100
record the early stage of creep.
0.000
1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000

LOG (TIME,MIN)
OUTLINE

Purpose Statement

Introduction (1-3)
Materials & Methods (1-3)
And
Analysis (1-3) so
Conclusions
CONCLUSION
This presentation was created to provide other engineers with
a familiarization of creep deformation. In the process of
experimenting and recording data on the test samples, I
believe we achieved that. Creep deformation is fundamentally
important in the use and assignment of engineering materials
to projects when time is important. Creep deformation can be
defined by the deformation of a material at a constant
temperature while under constant forces.
THE END
REFERENCES
Buddinski, K., & Buddinski, M. (2010). Engineering
Materials: Properties And Selection. Upper Saddle River:
Pearson Education.
Horton, H., Jones, F., Oberg, E., & Ryffel, H. (2008).
Machinery's Handbook: 28th Ed. New York: Industrial
Press.
Kopeliovich, D. D. (2009, Febuary 3). Creep. Retrieved
November 7, 2010, from substech.com:
http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=creep
Wikipedia.org. (2010, October 15). Creep (deformation).
Retrieved November 7, 2010, from Wikipedia.org:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creep_(deformation)