TYPES OF PLANNING

PLANNING ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

Prepared by: Cynthia N. Dela Cruz

 Strategic Plan

Tactical Plan

Operational Plan
 A strategic plan is a high-level
overview of the entire business, its
vision, objectives, and value.

This plan is the foundational basis of

the organization and will dictate
decisions in the long-term.

The scope of the plan can be two,

three, five, or even ten years.
 Managers at every level will turn to the
strategic plan to guide their decisions.
It will also influence the culture within
an organization and how it interacts with
customers and the media.
The strategic plan must be forward
looking, robust but flexible, with a keen
focus on accommodating future growth.
 The tactical plan describes the tactics the
organization plans to use to achieve the
ambitions outlined in the strategic plan.

It is a short range (i.e. with a scope of

less than one year), el document that breaks
down the broader mission statements into
smaller, actionable chunks.

If the strategic plan is a response to

What?, the tactical plan responds to
How?.
 Creating tactical plans is usually
handled by mid-level managers.

The tactical plan is a very flexible

document; it can hold anything
and everything required to achieve the
organizations goals.
The operational plan describes
the day to day running of the
company.
The operational plan charts out
a roadmap to achieve the
tactical goals within a realistic
timeframe.
 This plan is highly specific with
an emphasis on short-term
objectives. Increase sales to 150
units/day, or hire 50 new
employees are both examples of
operational plan objectives.
Creating the operational plan is
the responsibility of low-level
managers and supervisors.
 Physical planning

Economic planning

Allocative and innovative planning

Multi ang single objective planning

Imperative or command planning

 It is the planning of an area
physical structure, land use,
communications, utilities, and
has its origin in the
regulations of toward
development.
 Its concerned more with the
economic structure of an area
as overall level of prosperity.
 Its concerned with
coordination the resolution of
conflicts ensuring that the
existing system is ticking over
efficiency through time in
accordance with the involving
policies. (regulatory planning)
 Planning has goals and
objectives. Goal is an ideal and
should be express in abstract
term, while objective is capable
of both attainment and
measurement.
 It involves specific directives.
Sociological

Economics

Pedagogy

Demography
 Impact of planning on society

Social sanctions of taboos ( forbid, ban,

prohibit, ban, proscribe,outlaw)

Social aspirations relating to education

Role of external pressures in educational

planning and management
Political ideologist

Politicians

Lobbies

International agencies and

movement
 Deals primarily with the allocation of scarce
resources to alternative uses

Behavior of an individual those distribution of

limited resources over expenditures that satisfy
different needs

The budget is distributed over the different tasks

to be fulfilled (road construction, national
defense, health services, expenditures on
education.
 The science of teaching comprises the sum of
total of our knowledge and experience in
bringing out learning. Educational planner should
acquaint himself in the following aspect:
Objectives of education
Structure of education
Content of education
Methods of teaching
Financing of education
Innovations and knowledge
Research and evaluation
The statistical study of the
characteristics of human
population especially with
reference to size and density,
growth, distribution, migration
and vital statistics and the
effect of these on social and
economic conditions.