IV SIMPOSIO INTERNACIONAL

DE PLANEAMIENTO DE MINADO

Optimizacin del proceso para el

clculo de la flota minera
(Truck Study)
ING. EDER LAGOS LEN
Hudbay Minerals Inc.
Topics

1. Terminology
2. Haul Profile
3. Cycle Time
4. Truck study analysis
5. Adjustments.
Terminology
Standard terms for Mining Equipments

24h-Day = Op Hr + Delay Hr + Standby Hr + Down Hr

Op Hr + Delay Hr + Standby Hr
Availability =
Op Hr + Delay Hr + Standby Hr + Down Hr

Use of Op Hr + Delay Hr
=
Availability Op Hr + Delay Hr + Standby Hr

Op Hr
Use =
Op Hr + Delay Hr

Usage = Use x Use of Availability

Utilization = Usage x Availability
Truck Calculations
Truck fleet utlization

Cycle (Hours / Tons by (Tons)

travel)
Time period OP.
Payload Hours
(Tons /
travel)
by truck
Availability

OP.
Hours
# TRUCKS
UofA
Total Hours
Availability U of A USE USE
by period
Usage

Utilization
Cycle time
Truck & Shovel

Queue Spot
Time at Time at
Shovel Shovel

Empty Loading Time Spot Time

Loading
Travel
Time
Time

Truck Cycle Time Shovel Cycle Time

Load
Dump
Travel
Time
Time

Hang Time
Spot Queue
Time at Time at
Dump Dump
Haul Profiles - concept
Haul profile is the string that connect from one survey (load) in the bench\pit to one survey (dump) in the destination.

WRF

D TMF
E
Pit
Intersections
Pit
Exit
A F
Pit by CRUSHER
bench

From To Comment
AD Pit by Bench Waste Dump Total Haul Profile

AE Pit by Bench TMF Total Haul Profile

AF Pit by Bench CRUSHER Total Haul Profile

Truck Study - Flow Sheet
Minesight / Acad FPC / Talpac Mine plan Metal plan
Strings by bench by material
Pounds / Ounces by
Surveys by pit by time period
time period
Reps by destination

Truck
Haul OP
Cycle # Trucks
Profile Hours
Time

Utilization
Availability
Use of availability
Use

Optimization
Upgrading of Truck Study
process
Typical Scenario Vs. New analysis
Analysis Industry Standard
Carlin Surface Operations pre 2013

Industry standard is to complete haul cycle profiles for every mine plan, including all
plan updates and variations.

WRF

D TMF
E
Pit
Intersections
A5 Pit
A4
A3
Exit

A
A2
F
Pit by CRUSHER From To
bench A 1D Inpit 4200 WRF

If a mine plan is updated (bench\pit, period or destination), A 1E Inpit 4200 TMF

it is necessary to remake all haul profiles. A1F Inpit 4200 CRUSHER

A 2D Inpit 4185 WRF

Analysis
Truck Studies are time intensive, and not very flexible

But will be possible a quickly Plan v1 Plan v2

truck study?

Y1
Y1

Y2 Y2

Y3 Y3

Likeness
Pit Design
Ramp
Exit Bench
Destination

Differences
Bench
Period
Classification
Continuous Improvement
A better way to look at truck cycles

The idea is create a Cycle Time Model. This model will be change
if the pit designs or destinations are changes.
WRF

D TMF

C E
Pit
Intersections
Pit
Exit
B A F
Bench Pit by CRUSHER
Exit bench

From To Comment
AB Pit by Bench Bench exit In function of cut shape (variable)

BC Bench exit Pit Exit Incremental ramp (constant / variable)

CD Pit exit WRF Fixed profile (constant)

ABCD Pit by Bench WRF Total Haul Profile

Analysis Segment AB
Calculating haul time on each bench

Bench 4940

A2
d2
d2
A2
Exit
bench

Tonnes Speed in flat haul profile is

Area = 38 kph
(Density)*(Height bench)

If Area is a square
d = 2*(Area) Approximate the haul string with a mathematical model
Analysis Segment BC
Variable as a function of pit depth

From Bench 4940 to 5660

Height bench = 15 m.
Distance = 151 m. = 0.151 km

15 m

150 m

Average Speed in +10%

haul profile is 13 kph and
-10% is 25 kph

We can approximate the haul string for any pit, based on depth to
mine shape from the pit exit
Analysis Segment CD
Pit exit to destination

Destination centroid by time period.

Pit
Exit
C

Speed depends distance

and gradient by haul
profile (variable)
F
Aplication test (a) Cycle time
Inpit (fixed) + Incremental by bench (fixed & variable) + Expit (variable)

Inputs

Cycle time by Destination

Time 2 Time 3
Time 1
WASTE, kt ORE, kt Diagonal, (Incr. by (Variable by Dest.), min
Bench TOTAL, kt SR (inpit),
km bench),
to WRF to TMF to Crusher To Stock min WRF TMF CRUSHER STOCKPILE
min
4335 6,100 1,800 3,000 100 11,000 2.5 0.553 0.87 2.17 17.0 31.0 12.0 13.0
4320 5,400 1,700 3,500 500 11,100 1.8 0.555 0.88 1.81 17.0 31.0 12.0 13.0
4305 6,000 1,600 2,500 1,000 11,100 2.2 0.555 0.88 1.45 17.0 31.0 12.0 13.0
4290 6,000 2,000 3,100 700 11,800 2.1 0.573 0.90 1.09 17.0 31.0 12.0 13.0
4275 6,000 2,100 3,300 500 11,900 2.1 0.575 0.91 0.72 17.0 31.0 12.0 13.0
4260 6,000 2,500 3,800 200 12,500 2.1 0.589 0.93 0.36 17.0 31.0 12.0 13.0
4245 7,500 2,000 3,100 250 12,850 2.8 0.597 0.94 - 17.0 31.0 12.0 13.0
4230 8,000 1,500 2,800 500 12,800 2.9 0.596 0.94 0.70 17.0 31.0 12.0 13.0
4215 6,000 2,000 3,500 500 12,000 2.0 0.577 0.91 1.39 17.0 31.0 12.0 13.0
4200 6,500 2,000 3,700 500 12,700 2.0 0.594 0.94 2.09 17.0 31.0 12.0 13.0
4185 6,000 2,500 3,500 500 12,500 2.1 0.589 0.93 2.78 17.0 31.0 12.0 13.0
4170 5,500 1,500 3,300 500 10,800 1.8 0.548 0.86 3.48 17.0 31.0 12.0 13.0
4155 4,500 1,500 2,500 1,000 9,500 1.7 0.514 0.81 4.17 17.0 31.0 12.0 13.0
4140 3,000 1,000 2,000 300 6,300 1.7 0.418 0.66 4.87 17.0 31.0 12.0 13.0
4125 2,500 500 2,000 250 5,250 1.3 0.382 0.60 5.57 17.0 31.0 12.0 13.0
TOTAL 85,000 26,200 45,600 7,300 164,100 2.1 0.560 0.88 1.89 17.0 31.0 12.0 13.0
Aplication test (b) Operating Hours
Payload = 240 * (1 0.0375) = 231 tonnes per truck
Formula

Operating Hours by Destination

Operating Hours, h
WASTE, kt ORE, kt
Bench TOTAL, kt SR
to WRF to TMF to Crusher To Stock WRF TMF CRUSHER STOCKPILE

4335 6,100 1,800 3,000 100 11,000 2.5 12,122 5,395 4,880 170
4320 5,400 1,700 3,500 500 11,100 1.8 10,592 5,052 5,602 836
4305 6,000 1,600 2,500 1,000 11,100 2.2 11,612 4,713 3,936 1,647
4290 6,000 2,000 3,100 700 11,800 2.1 11,467 5,843 4,806 1,136
4275 6,000 2,100 3,300 500 11,900 2.1 11,312 6,081 5,031 798
4260 6,000 2,500 3,800 200 12,500 2.1 11,165 7,178 5,701 314
4245 7,500 2,000 3,100 250 12,850 2.8 13,768 5,692 4,572 387
4230 8,000 1,500 2,800 500 12,800 2.9 15,086 4,344 4,270 799
4215 6,000 2,000 3,500 500 12,000 2.0 11,603 5,888 5,506 823
4200 6,500 2,000 3,700 500 12,700 2.0 12,909 5,992 6,013 849
4185 6,000 2,500 3,500 500 12,500 2.1 12,214 7,614 5,862 874
4170 5,500 1,500 3,300 500 10,800 1.8 11,446 4,637 5,677 896
4155 4,500 1,500 2,500 1,000 9,500 1.7 9,573 4,706 4,417 1,839
4140 3,000 1,000 2,000 300 6,300 1.7 6,500 3,177 3,612 563
4125 2,500 500 2,000 250 5,250 1.3 5,532 1,611 3,704 481
TOTAL 85,000 26,200 45,600 7,300 164,100 2.1 166,902 77,921 73,590 12,411
Aplication test (c) # Trucks
Availability = 90% ; U of A = 90% ; Use = 95%
Formula

Trucks by period
Tonnes moved by period @ 45Mt Operating Hours by period @ 45Mt
Bench TOTAL, kt SR
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4

4335 11,000 2.5 11,000 22,567

4320 11,100 1.8 11,100 22,082
4305 11,100 2.2 11,100 21,908
4290 11,800 2.1 11,800 23,252
4275 11,900 2.1 11,900 23,222
4260 12,500 2.1 12,500 24,358
4245 12,850 2.8 12,850 24,419
4230 12,800 2.9 7,750 5,050 14,833 9,666
4215 12,000 2.0 12,000 23,819
4200 12,700 2.0 12,700 25,763
4185 12,500 2.1 12,500 26,563
4170 10,800 1.8 2,750 8,050 5,769 16,887
4155 9,500 1.7 9,500 20,535
4140 6,300 1.7 6,300 13,852
4125 5,250 1.3 5,250 11,328
TOTAL 164,100 2.1 45,000 45,000 45,000 29,100 89,810 86,833 91,580 62,603
TRUCKS 13 14 15 8
Analysis Plan Optimization
# Trucks comparison

Based # Unit Loading Based # Trucks

Questions?