Objective

Conclude that all matter consists of atoms

Differentiate between atoms and molecules as
well as elements and compounds.
Identify the position of metal, non-metal and
inert gases in the periodic table.
Differentiate the characteristics of metal and
non-metals.
Appreciate the order of elements that exist in
nature that has allowed people to organise
them in the form of a table.
Periodic Table
6.1 Classification of Elements
Matter consists of small and discrete particles
which are known as atoms.
Can't see with naked eyes too small.
Can only be seen by using an electron
microscope - atoms are enlarged to a million
times.
Atoms and Molecules
Atom consists of three subatomic particles;
protons, neutrons and electrons.
Protons and neutrons inside the nucleus of
an atom.
Electron cirlces around the nucleus.
Neutral particle with
No charge

Particle with positive

charge
Particle with negative
charge

Structure of an atom
 Nucleus overall positive charged
Number of electrons in an atom is equal to
number of protons
Therefore, an atom is neutral
Molecules are neutral particles made up of two
or more atoms.

Oxygen atom Oxygen molecule

What is an element?
The simplest form of a substance
There is only one type of atom in an element
Iron, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon and Copper
are elements.
Oxygen most abundant element on Earth.
What is a compound?
Consists of two or more elements combined
chemically produced from a chemical reaction
Chemical reaction can happen in the laboratory
or in natural environment
Example of compounds Aluminium Oxide,
Zinc Sulphide, Iron Chloride, sugar, water and
salt
How to seperate the components of a
compound?
- must be done chemically for example by the process
of electrolysis using electrical energy.
SALT Sodium & Chlorine

SUGAR Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

SHELL Calcium, Carbon and

Oxygen
 Periodic Table
Many elements were discovered by scientists in
the 18th and 19th centuries.
Elements found were arranged in orderly and
systematic manner in the form of a Periodic Table.
This Periodic Table is still used to this day.
Dimitri Mendeleev known as the inventor of the
periodic table.
Rows are called periods.
Columns are called groups. In a group, elements
share several common properties.
Periodic Table
There are 18 groups and 7 periods.
So in reading the Periodic Table :-

- Atomic Number increases across the period.

- Atomic Weight increases as you move down a
Group and across a period. Therefore, Hydrogen
At the top left of the table is the lightest element.
Periodic Table
Types of Elements
Metals Generally lustrous solids, often
deformable (Hg is liquid at liquid temperature).
Are highly conductive to both heat and
electricity

Non-Metals Mostly are gaseous at normal

temperatures.

Semi-metals Exists between the distinctions

of metal and nonmetals.
Differences between Metals and Non-Metals
METALS DIFFERENCES NON-METALS
Shiny Appearance Dull

Ductile Ductility Brittle

Malleability Non- Malleable

Malleable
Tensile
High Strength Low (Break easily)

Electrical
Good Conductivity Poor (except carbon)

Heat Poor
Good Conductivity

Density Low
High

High Melting and Low

boiling point
 Questions
1. State the subatomic particles.
2. Why is an atom neutral?
3. What is meant by element and compound?
4. Explain briefly the difference between atom and
molecule.
5. How are the elements arranged in the Periodic
Table?
6. Classify the elements below to metals and non-
metals.
Carbon, magnesium, iodine, chlorine, neon, argon,
aluminium, copper, iron, gold, mercury
 Answers
1. Neutron, Proton, Electron
2. An atom is neutral because the number of
proton and the number of electron are equal, the
charges cancel out.
3. Element is the simplest form of substance.
There is only one type of atom in an element.
Compound consists of two or more elements
combined chemically.
4. Elements in Periodic Table was arranged by
their relative atomic mass, arranged in
increasing order from left to right.
6. Non-metals Carbon, Iodine, Argon, Chlorine,
Neon
Metals Magnesium,, Aluminium, Copper, Iron,
Gold, Mercury