NATIONAL BUILDING CODE 2016 PART 6 : SECTION 6,7,8

PART 6: STRUCTURAL DESIGN SECTION 6 STEEL

Materials
General Design Requirements
Methods of Structural Analysis
Limit State Design
Design of Members subjected to Bending
Members subjected to Combined forces
Connections
Working stress Design
Design and Detailing for earthquake loads
Design assisted by testing
Durability
Fire Resistance
Fabrication and Erection
PART 6 STRUCTURAL DESIGN,
SECTION 7 PREFABRICATION, SYSTEMS BUILDING AND
COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS, PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS

While selecting the materials for prefabrication, the following characteristics shall
be considered;-

a) Easy availability;
b) Light weight for easy handling and transport;
c) Strength;
d) Thermal insulation property;
e) Easy workability;
f) Water absorption;
g) Serviceability along with durability;
h) Non-combustibility/fire resistance rating;
j) Sound insulation;
k) Easy assembly and compatibility to form a complete unit;
m) Economy; and
n) Any other special requirement in a particular application
COMPONENTS

Floor and Roofing Scheme-

Length- 1M, Width-05M, Thickness-0.1M

Beams-
Length- 1M, Width-0.1M, Depth-0.1M

Columns-
Height-1M, Lateral Dimensions-0.1M

Walls-
Thickness-0.1M

Staircase-
Width-1M

Lintels-
Length-1M, Width-0.1M, Depth-0.1M
PREFABRRICATION SYSTEMS

Types of Prefabrication Components-

Reinforced/Pre-stressed Concrete Channel unit
Reinforced/Pre-stressed Concrete Slab unit
Reinforced/Pre-stressed Concrete Breams
Reinforced/Pre-stressed Concrete Columns
Reinforced/Pre-stressed Concrete hallow core slab
Reinforced/Pre-stressed Concrete all elements
Light weight/Cellular Concrete Slabs/Wall panels
Pre-cast Concrete foundation
Pre-cast Staircase etc
PREFABRRICATION SYSTEMS

Open Prefabrication Systems-

Partial Prefabrication system

Full Prefabrication system

MATERIALS, PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
The detailed plans and specifications shall cover the
following

a) Such drawings shall describe the elements and the structure and assembly including all
required data of physical properties of component materials, material specification,
strength of concrete for demoulding, casting/ erection tolerance and type of curing to be
followed.
b) Details of connecting joints of prefabricates shall be given to an enlarged scale.
c) Site or shop location of services, such as installation of piping, wiring or other
accessories integral with the total scheme shall be shown separately.
d) Data sheet indicating the location of the inserts and acceptable tolerances for supporting
the prefabricate during erection, location and position of doors/windows/ventilators, etc, if
any.
e) The drawings shall also clearly indicate location of handling arrangements for lifting
and handling the prefabricated elements.
f) Sequence of erection with critical check points and measures to avoid stability failure
during construction stage of the building
Modular Coordination
A set of rules as detailed below would be adequate for meeting the
requirements of conventional and prefabricated construction

The planning module in the vertical direction

The planning grid in both directions of
the horizontal plan shall be:
1) 15 M for industrial buildings, and
2) 3 M for other buildings.
The centre lines of load bearing walls
should preferably coincide with the
gridlines.
shall be 2 M for industrial buildings and 1 M
for other buildings.
Preferred increments for sill heights, doors,
windows and other fenestration shall be 1 M
In the case of internal columns, the grid
lines shall coincide with the centre lines of
columns.
In case of external columns and columns
near the lift and stair wells, the grid lines
shall coincide with centre lines of the
column in the topmost storey
List of Common Defects and Possible causes
Common defects
Dimensional deviation:
a) Variation in the dimension of precast
elements would affect the joint
alignment between these elements
when erected
Possible Causes
Mould forms may not be sufficiently
rigid to maintain specified tolerances
during concrete placement
Precast elements may not have gained
sufficient concrete strength when
demoulded
Top surface finish of precast elements
may not be properly levelled and
troweled during production which result
in differential thickness
List of Common Defects and Possible causes

Common defects Possible Causes

Precast elements may not have gained
sufficient concrete strength when
demoulded
Cracks
Cracks may have occurred during initial
lifting due to friction between the
elements and the casting mould forms

Thickness of the precast elements may

be too thin (70 mm or less)
Chip-off at panel edges are usually
caused by the hard bearing at supports
Chip-off and damages or excessive force exerted on the
elements when handling

Improper storage method

List of Common Defects and Possible causes

Common defects Possible Causes

Poor concrete compaction due to
Honeycomb and excessive ineffective vibration
pinboles
Rebars congestion

loose or missing bolts, fixing pins

Insufficient bond strength between

Strand slippage concrete and the pre stressing strands

Poor compaction of concrete

Inaccurate setting out and positing of
precast element during erection
Alignment
Deviation in the dimensions of Precast
element
7B SYSTEM BUILDING & MIXED/COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION
It is properly referred as Pre-engineered building construction
Construction involve two or more different kind of components
Prefabricated structural units of steel,
Prestressed concrete or reinforced concrete and cast in-situ concrete,
Ferrocement, timber, masonry in brickwork and blockwork, glass and glazing connected
together.
Sandwich panels: layer of insulation material between two outer layers of hard durable
materials like Steel, Dense Concrete, Cement based sheet etc
Self Compacting Concrete is used
Formwork system
Tunnel form, slipform, Aluminum form, Large panel shuttering system
 COMBINATIONS OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS FOR MIXED/
COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION
Structural steel work and timber roofs on precast frames
Precast floors onto steel and concrete beams, and masonry walls
Profiled metal decking on precast beams.
Precast frames onto cast in-situ foundations, retaining walls, etc.
Precast frames stabilized by masonry walls, steel bracing, etc.
Precast cladding in steel or cast in-situ frames and vice-versa
Glass curtain walling stone cladding or metal sheeting onto precast concrete frames, etc.
Reinforced concrete and structural steel as composite columns and beams
PART 6- STRUCTURAL DESIGN
SECTION-8 ( GLASS & GLAZING)
SCOPE:
Selection and application of glass in buildings
Guiding provisions for glazing in buildings w.r.t their effect on energy
Selection of glass in buildings subject to wind, loading and seismic loading
Provisions related to glazing systems such as selection, design, fabrication etc.
GENERAL METHODOLOGY FOR SELECTION:
The designer must have enough information on the type of glass used.
Client specified requirements
Cost
TYPES OF GLASS:
Normal glass
Laminated glass
Toughened glass or Tempered glass
Reflective glass
Glass fins
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:

DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS:
Front putty width: It should not be less than 10mm for panels up to 1m2 and not less than 12mm for panels between 1m2 and 2m2.
Glass dimension: The actual thickness of glass rounded to the nearest 0.1mm shall not vary from nominal thickness by more than the
tolerance as specified by the Indian Standards.
TYPICAL U-VALUE FOR GLASS PRODUCTS ( SINGLE GLAZING):
Sr. no. Glass Thickness(mm) U-Value( w/m2 K)
1 4 5.8
2 6 5.7
3 10 5.6

LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE:
It is the amount of light passing through the glazing.
Visible light lies between the wavelength of 380nm-780nm.
GLAZING SYSTEM:
The performance criteria to be satisfied by the glazing system are:
a) Structural stability and safety,
b) Energy efficiency (performance),
c) Visual comfort (light transmittance and reflection),
d) Fire protection (ability to resist/withstand fire),
e) Sound insulation, f) Air infiltration (wind pressure, stack pressure, fan pressure), and
g) Water penetration (static, dynamic and cyclic pressures).

Types of Structural Frame Materials:

Aluminium alloy
Stainless steel
uPVC
Timber
FIRE SAFETY:
GENERAL FIRE SAFETY PROVISIONS FOR BUILDINGS SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH PART 4 FIRE AND
LIFE SAFETY OF THE CODE.

It is necessary that the fire rated system shall withstand the standard time-temperature curve during a fire test and
shall give adequate time to the occupants for safe evacuation.

Types of Glass for Fire Resistance:

a) Wired glass,
b) Annealed fire resistant glass (AFG),
c) Tempered fire resistant glass (TFG),
d) Intumescent laminated fire resistant glass (LFG), and
e) Double glazed fire resistant glass (DFG).
INSTALLATION:

Site Survey of Building :

Levelling
Surveying

Installation Tolerance : For structural glazing, the installation tolerances shall be strictly followed in order to assure
that the sealant joint opening meets the specified minimum and maximum joint opening dimensions.
Good Installation Practices :
Anchorage
Sub structures
Installation Tolerance
Sealants
Installation
THANK YOU