A presentation on

Cooling Towers
Introduction
A cooling tower is an enclosed tower like
structure through which atmospheric air
circulates to cool large quantities of warm
water by direct contact.
Cooling towers are a very important part of
many plants.
Cooling tower is to reject heat into the
atmosphere.
Removing low-grade heat from cooling water.
The make-up water source is used.
Specific objectives

To improve and optimize existing closed cooling

tower technology to suit the system
To develop a simple and cheap control strategy
To minimize investment and running cost
objective
In the case of water cooled condensers,
the warm water being pumped by the
condenser should be cooled with the
help of cooling towers so that the same
water may be re-circulated to the
condenser.
Objective
COMPONENTS
Fan
Water heater
Thermostat(temp sensor)
pump
Splitter
Components of Cooling Tower
Frame and casing: Most towers have structural
frames that support the exterior enclosures
(casings), motors, fans, and other components.
Fill: Most towers employ fills (made of plastic or
wood) to facilitate heat transfer by maximising
water and air contact. Fill can either be splash
or film type.
Cold Water Basin: The cold water basin, located
at or near the bottom of the tower, receives the
cooled water that flows down through the tower
and fill.
Air inlet: This is the point of entry for the air entering
a tower.

Splitter: These provide the water sprays to wet

the tray.
 Fans: Both axial (propeller type) and
centrifugal fans are used in towers.
It used in induced draft towers and both
propeller and centrifugal fans are found in
forced draft towers
types
Natural draft

Mechanical draft
Natural draft
Use very large concrete chimneys to
introduce air through the media.
Towers are used for water flow rate above
40,000m/hr
Types of natural draft
Atmospheric natural
draft (spray type)
Atmospheric natural
draft (splash deck type)
Atmospheric natural draft (spray
type)
It consists of a box-
shaped structure with
louvers.
It should be located in
open space.
Warm water from the
condenser is pumped
to a spray header
provided at the top of a
tower.
Atmospheric natural draft (splash
deck type)
Similar to spray type.
It contains decking(fill)
made from red hollow
tiles , ceramic , plastic.
Decking is to increase
the rate of heat transfer.
Mechanical draft

It is smaller in size
Large volume of forced air increase the
cooling capacity.
Can be located inside the building
because they are not depend open
atmospheric air.
Types Mechanical draft
1.Induced draft :
The fan suck the air
through the air.
The fan are located at the
top instead of at the
bottom and draw the air
upward through the
tower.
2.Forced draft :

The fan forces the air through the tower.

The air is forced upward through the
tower by the propeller fan provide on the
side near the bottom of the tower.
Working principle
Working principle
In cooling tower, the warm water gets
cooled by means of evaporation.
Water evaporates as a result of the hot
water droplet coming in contact with the
air.
This evaporating water also absorbs the
latent heat from the water surrounding it.
By losing latent heat, the water is
cooled.
Working principle
Water is heated by a heater and it is
pumped to splitter.
Then water passed through trays due to
the splitter arrangement.
Centrifugal fan sucked fresh air from
atmosphere.
When water is contact with fresh air then
it starts to cool.
Digital sensor sensed temperature
Application
Refrigeration system
Steam power plant
Specification
12v DC fan
Water heater -1
Thermostat -2
Submersible pump
Splitter
Length-2ft
Height-2.5ft