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UWB&
APPLICATIO
NS
Thomas George. C
S7 ECE
TOPICS COVERED
Introduction to UWB
Comparison of UWB with other wireless
technologies
Advantages
Applications in various fields
conclusion
Introduction to UWB
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
Narrowband Problems
Multipath fading
Destructive interference of CW signals causes signal loss
Insecure
Narrow Band signals are easily detected and jammed
Poor range resolution
Range resolution for tracking applications is a function of RF bandwidth
Limited data rate
Narrow RF bandwidth means narrow data bandwidth
Introduction to UWB
So what is ultra wide band technology?
Uses narrow pulses(pulse width = nS) of very low duty
cycles.
Very high band width ( in GHz range)
The first ever radio(spark gap radio) was a form of UWB
radio, but found no use
UWB technology gained strength when FCC provided 3.1 to
10.6 GHz for unlicensed use in 2002.
UWB
3.1-10.6 GHz
The history of UWB Technology
Before 1900: Wireless Began as UWB
Large RF bandwidths, but did not take advantage of large spreading gain
1900-40s: Wireless goes tuned
Analog processing: filters, resonators
Separation of services by wavelength
Era of wireless telephony begins: AM / SSB / FM
Commercial broadcasting matures, radar and signal processing
1970-90s: Digital techniques applied to UWB
Wide band impulse radar
Allows for realization of the HUGE available spreading gain
Now: UWB approved by FCC for commercialization
Introduction to UWB
Definitions and regulations of UWB
Sunlight reflecting from the head of a pin (on a sunny 0.00100 Wats
day)
Imaging: Ground
Penetrating Radar, Wall, <960 MHz or 3.1 to 10.6 GHz Yes
Medical Imaging
Vehicular 22 to 29 GHz No
Modulation techniques
DS UWB modulation techniques
Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)
Bipolar Signaling (BPSK)
Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
On/Off Keying (OOK)
Pulse-Shape Modulation
Band Band Band Band Band Band Band Band Band Band Band Band Band
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13
3432 3960 4488 5016 5808 6336 6864 7392 7920 8448 8976 9504 10032
MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz f
Coexistence with current narrowband and wideband Avoids expensive licensing fees.
radio services
Ability to work with low SNRs Offers high performance in noisy environments.
Low transmit power Provides high degree of security with low probability
of detection and intercept.
Simple transceiver architecture Enables ultra-low power, smaller form factor, and
beter mean time between failures, all at a reduced
cost.
More advantages
Wi-Fi
One of the main disadvantage of Wi-Fi is its high expense to set up a network and make it working. It is not
always feasible to install Wi-Fi for home or personal networks.
Another draw back of Wi-Fi is the higher power consumption. Power consumption is one of the
important hurdles of wireless designers. As the wireless devices work on their own power, almost
always batery power, the high power consumption becomes a big drawback.
Wireless USB
Wireless USB
Wireless USB is used in game controllers, printers, scanners,
digital cameras, portable media players, hard disk drives and
flash drives. It is also suitable for transferring parallel video
streams.
Due to high data rate, HD videos can be transmited live without
wires.
As in USB 2.0 a WUSB hub supports 127 devices
It frees the USB devices from cables.
To back support the devices, a WUSB hub is also developed
Wireless USB
Objects in the field then reflect the signal back to the wall where part of the
signal is transmited through the wall to the receiver.
Freq of Operation: below 960 MHz or 3.1-10.6 GHz band.
Vehicular Radar Systems
Potential applications include
collision avoidance,
proximity aids,
intelligent cruise control systems,
improved airbag activation
suspension systems that beter respond to road conditions.
FCC limits operation of vehicular radar to the 22-29 GHz band using
directional antennas on terrestrial transportation vehicles provided the
center frequency of the emission and the frequency at which the
highest radiated emission occurs are greater than 24.075 GHz.
Medical application
Penetrating through obstacles
High precision ranging at the centimeter level
Low electromagnetic radiation
Low processing energy consumed
Used for
Patient monitoring( movement, vital signs, medical store security)
Medical imaging ( cardiac imaging, pneumology, ENT, Obstretrics)
Medical imaging
Other applications
Wireless Sensor networks( military and commercial use)
Automotive industry (collision avoidance, roadside assistance)
Tagging and identification
Non LOS communication
Intrusion detection
Challenges in UWB
Main challenge is in the standardization. Different countries allocated
different spectral regions for unlicensed use.
Design of antenna
Due to power limit set by FCC, the high data rate is available only in
short range ( <10 m)
Conclusion