Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 31

Wolfgang in gala costume, probably painted by Pietro Antonio

Lorenzoni, 1763. The costume was a gift of the Empress Maria


Theresa.
Mozart

Piano Concerto in A major, K. 488


Amadeus

a 1984 drama
directed by Milo
Forman. Based on
Peter Shaffer's stage
play Amadeus,
,


Salieri
18
Musicians in the late eighteenth century

Mozart

Julia Moore, 1770s ,

Kapelle, 1780-1795
HabsburgKapellen
Joannes
Chrisostomos
Wolfgang Gottlieb
Mozart (1756-
1791)

1. .
2. Leopold Mozart (1719-1787)
a. Leopold Salzburg .
b. in 1756.
c. Leopold , Mozart
Nannerl (1751-1829).
3. Mozart (1762-1773).
a. .
b. . , , 11,
12
c. During these travels, Mozart
,

Salzburg (1774-81)
1. In Mozart's time, musicians earned money either
with steady employment with a patron or with
freelancing.
2. Mozart held a position with the archbishop of
Salzburg for eight years.
a. Unhappy with the archbishop, Mozart looked for
other employment.
b. He received a commission to compose the opera
seria Idomeneo (Munich, 1781).
c. He soon decided to leave the archbishop's service
and go to Vienna.
18
1. In Mozart's time, musicians earned money either
with steady employment with a patron or with
freelancing.
2. Mozart held a position with the archbishop of
Salzburg for eight years.
a. Unhappy with the archbishop, Mozart looked for
other employment.
b. He received a commission to compose the opera
seria Idomeneo (Munich, 1781).
c. He soon decided to leave the archbishop's service
and go to Vienna.
Idomeneo 1781
1763 or 64 watercolor; Mozart is 7 or 8 years old, his father
Leopold and sister Nannerl who is 4 and a half years older than
Mozart.
The Mozart family: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (seated at piano)
with his sister Maria Anna (left) and his parents, Leopold and
Anna Maria; oil on canvas by Johann Nepomuk della Croce, c.
178081; Mozart House, Salzburg, Austria. 140 168 cm
-
1. The seventeen piano concertos composed
in Vienna are major works in Mozart's
compositional output; each is a masterpiece.
2. Similar to the works of J. C. Bach, Mozart's
concertos are in three movements, and the
first movements combine elements of
ritornello and sonata forms.
3.
-
1. The seventeen piano concertos composed in
Vienna are major works in Mozarts
compositional output; each is a masterpiece.

2. Mozart

3. 1782-3~1791; 1782-86

4. 1784, Lent () 21 performances in 5
weeks
5. 1500 florins for One concert
-
1. 1784---6
2. 1785---3
3. 1786---3
4. Emperor Joseph II appointed him as his
"chamber composer", a post vacated the
previous month when Gluck died. It was
a part-time job, however. It paid only 800
florins per year, and merely required
Mozart to compose dances for the
annual balls in the Redoutensaal.
- K. 488
a. The three solo sections resemble the
exposition, development, and recapitulation
of a sonata form.
b. The opening orchestral ritornello presents
the first theme, transition, second theme,
and closing themes in the tonic key.
c. Ritornellos return to mark the end of the
first and third solo section.
- K. 488
Expo
Orch (Ritornello) Solo

P TT S KT P TT S K TT

Develop Recap
Solo with Orch Solo

P TT S K TT Cadenza KT
-
d. The orchestra also punctuates the long solo
sections.
e. The cadenza appears in the final ritornello
section.
f. The orchestral transition material serves as a
strong contrast to the lyric themes.
g. A significant new idea is introduced at the
beginning of the development.

1. The second movement of a Mozart concerto resembles a
lyrical aria.
a. The key is often in the subdominant and sometimes in the
dominant or relative minor. The second movement is
impassioned and somewhat operatic in tone.
Formally this is a sonata form, the piano entering
immediately with a theme that has unusually wide
leaps; and also as with many such minor-mode
sonata movements with Mozart, we hear an effective
device where the major-mode secondary material in
minor in the end. It is the only movement by Mozart
in F sharp minor!
b. , , .
c. , .
d. , ,
e. , .
f. Sonata form and ABA form

1. The final movement is usually a rondo or sonata-rondo
based on themes of a popular character.
a. The third movement is a rondo, shaded by moves
into other keys as is the opening movement (to C
major from E minor and back during the secondary
theme in this case, for instance) and with a central
section whose opening in F sharp minor is
interrupted by a clarinet tune in D major, an intrusion
that reminds us, notes Girdlestone, that instrumental
music at the time was informed by opera buffa and
its sudden changes of point of view as well as of
scene
b. A B A C A Coda
c. Mozart balanced virtuosic display with colorful orchestral
material, as evident in the numerous wind solos.
-
1. In 1768, Mozart composed his first operas.
a. La finta semplice (),
b. Bastien und Bastienne, a Singspiel
1. He composed two opere serie in the early
1770s for Milan.
2. Two operas were composed for Munich.
a. La finta giardiniera (1775), an opera buffa
b. Idomeneo (1781), an opera seria that
reflects the reformist trends of Gluck.
-Vienna
A. Die Enfhrung aus dem Serail (1782)
established his operatic reputation.
1. Mozart raised the Singspiel to the level of
an artwork.
2. The "oriental" setting was popular at this
time, and Mozart uses Turkish-style music
(see HWM Source Reading, page 560). .
Da Ponte
1. All three were Italian comic operas.
a. The Marriage of Figaro (1786)
b. Don Giovanni (Don Juan, 1787)
c. Cos fan tutte (, 1790)
2. Da Ponte and Mozart gave greater depth to the
characters.
3. Mozart's ensembles allowed characters to express
contrasting emotions at the same time.
4. Mozart's orchestration, particularly his use of winds,
helped define the characters and situations.
Don Giovanni
1. The opera premiered in Prague.
2. Da Ponte and Mozart took the legendary
character of Don Juan seriously as a rebel
against authority.
3. The opera mixes opera seria characters and
opera buffa characters.
4. All character types are combined in the
brilliant dance music in the finale of Act I.
Don Giovanni
a. Leporello complains in an opera-buffa style with
an ABCBB' form.
b. Donna Anna and Don Giovanni sing in a
dramatic opera seria style, while Leporello frets
in a buffa style; the form is ABB.
c. The ensuing duel ends in a death, a shocking
scene in a comic opera.
d. A powerful trio in F minor laments the turn of
events.
e. At the end, Don Giovanni and Leporello revert to
comic banter.
Don Giovanni
a.
(100a)





Don Giovanni
a.
(100b)
Mozart
seriousness



4/4
andante
con moto
Don Giovanni
a.










Don Giovanni
a.



b.



Magic Flute
1. Singspiel,
opera seria La clemenza di Tito (Titus
).
2.
.
3. Mozart.

A. His early sacred music is not considered to
be among his major works.
B. The masses reflect the current symphonic-
operatic idiom with standard fugal sections.
C. The Requiem, K. 626
1. The work was commissioned by Count
Walsegg in 1791.
2. Unfinished at Mozart's death, it was
completed by his pupil, Franz Xaver
Sssmayr (1766-1803).

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi