Simulation of an Optical Fiber Point

to Point Communication link using

Simulink

By
Nihal Shastry
Uday Madireddy
Nitin Ravi
Overview of Project
Current scenario
Where our project fits in
Comparison of modulation techniques
QAM
MPSK
EXTERNAL MODULATION
Applications
Future scope
What is QAM?
QAM can be the expanded as Quadrature
Amplitude Modulation
A popular digital modulation technique in which
both phase and amplitude are varied
It was basically developed to overcome constraints
of complex AM or PM
It can transmit more bits per second
It also makes use of minimum Bandwidth
Block Diagram of QAM Transmitter
Block Diagram of optical fiber Link
using QAM
Eye Diagram
Output Waveform
 Phase Shift Keying
Principle - Changes the phase of the carrier in step with the digital
message.
Use of a different phase for a 0 and a 1.
A 1 signal is denoted by 1.
A 0 signal is denoted by 1 + 180.

Quaternary Phase shift keying

Binary inputs 00, 01, 10, 11
QPSK output phase -- 0, 90, 180, 270.

Differential Phase Shift Keying

Information obtained as the difference in phase between two
successive signals.
Modulating signal is not the binary code but the code that records the
changes in the binary code.
Optical communication link QPSK
modulation
QPSK- Quadrature / Quaternary Phase Shift Keying
Digital modulation technique
M-ary Encoding technique where M = 4
4 different input conditions, 4 output phases
possible for a single carrier frequency.
 QPSK

Four phases:- 0, 90, 180, 270.

Two symbols per bit can be transmitted (00, 01,
10, 11).
Each symbols phase compared with respect to
the previous symbol.
Optical link using QPSK
Signal magnitude with QPSK
The EYE Diagram
External Modulation
Currently preferred over any other form
of modulation

Done using an MZIM

Phase difference produced in the beam

DIAGRAM FOR SIMULATION
DATA GENERATION WITH
MZIM
Magnitude of signal prior to
entry
Magnitude of signal after
linear filter
Magnitude of signal after
parabolic filter
Eye diagram before fiber entry
HEAD TO HEAD

QAM:
Digital information contained in both amplitude and phase of the
transmitted carrier
Susceptible to interfering signals
Greater bandwidth efficiency. More bits transferred(4bits/cycle)

QPSK:
Digital information - phase of the transmitted signal.
Easy to implement and has good resistance to noise.
In the receiver end local oscillator to be tuned to the I/P signal.
Oscillator experiences drift in freq and phase and hence tuning is tough
Overcome by sending a pilot wave for synchronization
Bandwidth Efficiency is around 2 bits per cycle.

DPSK:
Simple to implement
Larger data transmission capability (40 Gbits/Sec)
Has maximum transmission distance when compared to other schemes.
ADAPTIVE MODULATION
Applications
Can be used for simulating theoretical
systems inexpensively
Any distance, bit rate and data pulse
can be simulated
All parameters are completely user
defined
Completely customizable
 TIME LINE
WEEK I WEEK II WEEK III WEEK IV WEEK V WEEK VI WEEK WEEK
VII VIII

Research on
Project
X X
Initial

X X X
Project
Design and
QAM
coding

Learning

X X X X
Simulink
and Initial
Block
diagram

Final Block

X X X
Diagram
and
Simulation
References
www.intel.com
Electronic Communications systems Wayne Tomasi
www.ee.buffalo.edu/faculty/paololiu/413/
binary.engin.brown.edu/lecture/Denmark/
Noise analysis for optical fiber communication
systems -Alper Demir- Istanbul
Transmission Line laser modeling of semi conductor
laser amplified optical communication systems -A.J
lowery-IEE proceedings V 139 #3 June 1992
 Design of analog and digital data transmission filters-
Hussein, Baher -IEEE trans on circuits and systems Vol# 40 #7 1993
Frequency chirping in external modulators- Fumio
Koyama IEEE J of light wave technology Vol #6 #1 Jan 1998
Design of optical communication data links- P.K.
Pepeljugoski et all- IBM J of Res. and Dev. Vol #47 No.2/3 2003
A time domain optical transmission system simulation
package accounting for non linear and polarization-
related effects in a fiber- Andrea Carena et all- IEEE J on
selected areas in comm. V #15 #4 May 1997