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Introduction to
Computers
Chapter 1 Objectives
p. 1.2
The Digital Revolution
Next
p. 1.2 Fig. 1-1
Computers are everywhere
The Digital Revolution
Next
p. 1.4
What Is a Computer?
What is a computer?
An electronic machine,
operating under the
control of instructions
stored in its own memory
accepts data
manipulates the data
according to specified
rules
produces results
stores the results for
future use
Next
p. 1.4
What is a Computer?
Information
Data that is
organized,
Next meaningful, and
p. 1.4 Fig. 1-2 useful
What is a Computer?
Who is a user?
Someone that
communicates
with a computer
Someone who
uses the
information it
generates
Next
p. 1.4
What is a Computer?
Hardware
The electric, electronic,
and mechanical Software
equipment that makes
The series of
up a computer
instructions that
tells the hardware
how to perform
tasks
Next
p. 1.4
What is a Computer?
Process
What is the Input Manipulate the
Any data or input (data) to
information instructions you produce output
(information)
processing enter into a
computer
cycle?
Output
Communication Data that has
The capability of been processed
Storage into information
communicating
Area in a computer
with other that can hold data
computers and information
for future use
Next
p. 1.5
The Components of a
Computer
What are common computer hardware components?
PC camera system unit
speaker
printer
speaker
monitor
keyboard
modem
scanner
mouse
Next
p. 1.5 Fig. 1-3
microphone
digital camera
The Components of a
Computer
What is an input device?
Any hardware component that allows a user to
enter data and instructions into a computer
microphone PC camera
keyboard
mouse
scanner
Click to view
Web Link
then click
Input Devices
Next
digital
p. 1.5 Fig. 1-3
camera
The Components of a
Computer
What is an output device?
Any hardware component that can convey
information to a user
monitor speakers
printer
Next
p. 1.6 Fig. 1-3
The Components of a
Computer
What is the system unit ?
Sometimes called a CD-RW CD-ROM
chassis drive or DVD-
A box-like case made from ROM
Zip
metal or plastic that drive
protects the internal disk
electronic components of drive floppy
the computer from disk
hard
damage drive
disk
Circuitry in the system drive
unit usually is part of or is
connected to a circuit
board called the
motherboard
Next
p. 1.6 Fig. 1-3
The Components of a
Computer
What are two main components on the
motherboard?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also called a processor
Electronic device that interprets
and carries out the basic
instructions that operate the
computer
Click to view Web Link
Memory
Temporary holding place for data
then click Processors
Next
p. 1.6
and instructions
The Components of a
Computer
What is a chip?
An electronic device that contains many
microscopic pathways that carry electrical currents
Usually no
bigger than one- memory
half inch square chip
Packaged so it
can be attached
processor chip
to a
packaging
motherboard
Next
p. 1.6 Fig. 1-4
The Components of a
Computer
What are internal components and external devices?
Internal
Component External Device
Resides inside the Also called a
system unit peripheral
Attaches to the
system unit
Next
p. 1.6
The Components of a
Computer
What is storage?
Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
Storage Device
instructions and
input because they
Next information
p. 1.7
transfer items from
storage into memory
The Components of a
Computer
What are common storage devices or drives?
CD-ROM or
DVD-ROM
CD-RW drive drive
Next
p. 1.7 Fig. 1-3
The Components of a
Computer
What is a floppy disk?
A thin, circular,
flexible disk enclosed
in a plastic shell
Insert and remove a
floppy disk into and
from a floppy disk
drive
A Zip disk is a
higher capacity disk
Next
p. 1.7 Fig. 1-5
The Components of a
Computer
What is a hard disk?
self-contained
Consists of several
hard disk
circular platters that store
items electronically
Disks are enclosed in an
airtight, sealed case,
which often is housed
inside the system unit
Provides much greater
storage capacity than a
floppy disk
Some hard disks are
removable
Next
p. 1.7 Fig. 1-6 & 7 removable
hard disk
The Components of a
Computer
What is a compact disc?
A flat, round portable
medium that stores data
using microscopic pits,
which are created by a
laser light
CD-ROM
CD-RW
rewriteable CD
DVD-ROM
tremendous storage
capacities
Next
p. 1.8 Fig. 1-8
The Components of a
Computer
What is miniature storage media?
Used in devices such as digital cameras
One popular type is called a card
miniature
storage media
Next
p. 1.8 Fig. 1-9
The Components of a
Computer
What is a communications device?
Enables computer users to communicate and to
exchange items such as data, instructions, and
information with another computer
Allows you to establish a connection between two
computers and transmit items over transmission
media, such as cables,
telephone lines,
or satellites
One type is a
modem
Click to view Web Link
then click Communications Devices
Next
p. 1.8 Fig. 1-3
modem
Why Is a Computer So
Powerful?
What characteristics make a computer powerful?
Storage Speed
Reliability
Enormous amounts of Billions of
data can be stored and Dependable because operations can
made available for components have a be carried out
low failure rate so in a single
processing anytime it is
they produce second
needed
consistent results
Accuracy
Communications
If data is entered correctly
and program works properly, Two connected
the results are error-free computers can share
garbage in, garbage out stored data, instructions,
Next (GIGO) accuracy of output and information
p. 1.8 depends on accuracy of
input
Why Is a Computer So
Powerful?
What is a network?
Two or more
computers
connected
together via
communications
media and devices
The most widely
known network is
the Internet
Next
p. 1.10 Fig. 1-10
Technology Trailblazer
Bill Gates
Microsofts chairman
and chief software
architect
Co-founded Microsoft in
1975
Regarded as the most
powerful person in the
computer industry
Consistently anticipates
Click to view
Web Link
technological
developments and
then click
Bill Gates
customer needs
Next
p. 1.9
Computer Software
Allows you
Uses data in Displays Compares
to input data
memory in information values stored
and stores it
calculations on monitor in memory
in memory
Directs
Click to view Web Link
then click Computer Programs
computer to Prints a Stores
perform report information
Next
p. 1.10 alternative on disk
operations
Computer Software
Next
p. 1.11 Fig. 1-11
Computer Software
What happens when you run a program from a CD-ROM?
Step 1 Step 2
Step 1: Insert the
CD-ROM that
contains
Step 2: If the
program into
necessary, the
install
CD-ROM
the programdrive.
on
Step 3: The
the hard disk.
program
Then instruct the
executes and the
computer to run
screen displays
the program.
graphics that
Instructions
allow you to
transfer from the
create a greeting
CD-ROM or hard
card.
disk to memory.
Next
p. 1.11 Fig. 1-12
Step 3
Computer Software
Operating System
(OS) Utility program
Set of programs Type of system
containing instructions software that performs
that coordinate all the a specific task, usually
activities among related to managing a
computer hardware computer, its devices,
Next
p. 1.12
devices or its programs
Computer Software
Next
p. 1.12
Computer Software
Next
p. 1.12 Fig. 1-13
Computer Software
Suite
Collection of popular
individual software
Word applications bundled
processing together as a single unit Presentation
software graphics
software
Click to view
Spreadsheet Database
Web Link
then click
Application Software
software software
Next
p. 1.13
Computer Software
What is packaged software?
Copyrighted
retail software
that meets the
needs of a
wide variety
of users
Purchase
from stores or
companies on
Next
the Internet
p. 1.13 Fig. 1-14
Computer Software
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p. 1.14
Computer Software
Next
p. 1.14
Computer Software
How are programs written?
Programmers use a programming language
to write computer programs
Next
p. 1.14 Fig. 1-15
Networks and the
Internet
What is a network?
Collection of computers and devices connected together via
communications devices and media
When your computer connects to a network you are online
Modem Cables
Telephone lines
Next
Cellular radio
p. 1.16
Satellites
Networks and the Internet
Hardware
To share To save
devices
resources time and
money
Software
programs Information
Data
Next
p. 1.16
Networks and the
Internet
What is a local area network (LAN)?
A network that
connects
computers in a
limited
geographic
area such as a
school
computer
laboratory,
office or group
Next
of
p. 1.16 Fig. 1-16
buildings
Networks and the Internet
Next
p. 1.16 Fig. 1-17
Next
Networks and the Internet
Next
p. 1.17
Networks and the Internet
Next
Entertainment
p. 1.17 Fig. 1-18
Networks and the Internet
Web browser
Web site
Program used to
Collection of
Web page access and view
related Web
Web pages
pages Contains text,
graphics, sound, or
video and has
Next connections to other
p. 1.18
Web pages
Networks and the Internet
Next
p. 1.19 Fig. 1-20
Personal Computers
Contains at least
Microprocessor
Two major
One Input The single chip categories
device
that performs
Desktop
One output all the
device processing Notebook
functions on a
One storage personal
device computer
Next
Memory
p. 1.19
A processor
Personal Computers
Next
p.p.1.19
1.19Fig.
Fig.1-21
1-21&&22
22
The PC and compatibles use the
Windows operating system
Company on the Cutting
Edge
Gateway
Next
p. 1.20 Fig. 1-23
Personal Computers
Next
p. 1.20 Fig. 1-23
Personal Computers
Next
p. 1.23 Fig. 1-27
Handheld Computers
How do you input data with a
handheld computer?
Next
p. 1.24 Fig. 1-29
Internet Appliances
What is WebTV?
An Internet
appliance in the
form of a set-top
box
Sits on top of or
next to a
television set
and allows you
to access the
Internet on the
TV
Next
p. 1.25 Fig. 1-31
Mid-Range Servers
What is a mid-range
server?
More powerful and
larger than a
workstation computer
Supports up to 4,000
users
Often connected via a
personal computer or
terminal
Once known as a
Next minicomputer
p. 1.25 Fig. 1-32
Mid-Range Servers
What is a terminal?
Sometimes called
dumb terminals
Device with a No processing power
monitor and Cannot stand alone
keyboard used to Must be connected to
access a server a server to operate
Next
p. 1.25
Mainframes
What is a mainframe?
Large, expensive,
very powerful
computer
Can handle
hundreds or
thousands of
connected users
simultaneously
Stores tremendous
amounts of data,
instructions, and
information
Next
p. 1.26 Fig. 1-33
Company on the Cutting
Edge
International Business
Machines (IBM)
Incorporated in 1911
The first family of
computers with
interchangeable software
Click to view
Web Link
then click IBM
and peripherals
Next
Worlds largest
p. 1.26 information technology
company
Supercomputers
What is a supercomputer?
Fastest, most powerful computer
Able to
process
more than 12
trillion
instructions
per second
Next
p. 1.26 Fig. 1-34
Elements of an
Information System
What is an information 1. Hardware
1. Hardware
system?
system to provide
accurate, timely,
and useful
Click to view
Web Link
then click
Women in
Technology
3. Data
3. Data
information, each
element must be 5. Procedures
present and all of
the elements must
Click to view
Web Link
then click
Minorities in Technology
work together
Next
p. 1.27 Fig. 1-35
4b. People
4b. People (users)
(users) 4a.
4a. People
People (IT
(IT personnel)
personnel)
Examples of Computer Usage
Power
Next
p. 1.28 Fig. 1-36
Examples of Computer Usage
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p. 1.29 Fig. 1-37
Examples of Computer Usage
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p. 1.30 Fig. 1-38
Examples of Computer Usage
Shawn Fanning
As a 19-year-old
freshman computer
science major, he
developed the
Napster software
and company
Pioneering file-
sharing concept
has implications
for all copyrighted
digital information
Click to view Web Link
then click Shawn Fanning
Next
p. 1.30
Examples of Computer Usage
spreadsheet
Examples of Computer Usage
Next
p. 1.32 Fig. 1-40
Examples of Computer Usage
What is a kiosk?
A freestanding computer
Usually has multimedia
capability and a touch
screen
Used by a large business
to provide information to
the public
What is telecommuting?
A work
arrangement in
which employees
work away from a
companys
standard
workplace
Often
communicate with
the office using
some
communications
Next technology
p. 1.34 Fig. 1-44
Examples of Computer Usage
Next
Summary of Introduction
to Computers (cont.)
Handheld computers
Internet appliances
Mid-range servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Elements of an information system
Examples of computer usage
Computer user as a Web publisher
Next
Chapter 1 Complete