Job Design

Slides by Jill Nicholson

Overview
What is Job Design?
Elements of Job Design
Five Core Job Characteristics
Approaches to Job Design
Tools of Job Design
Current Trends
Summary
What is Job Design?

The organization of activities to

create the optimum level of
performance.
Elements of Job Design

Task Analysis

Worker Analysis

Environmental Analysis
Task Analysis
Determines

What tasks will be done

How each task will be done

How the tasks fit together to form

a job
Worker Analysis
Determines

Capabilities the worker must

possess

Responsibilities the worker will

have
Environmental Analysis
Used to analyze physical
environment including:
Location
Lighting
Temperature
Noise
Ventilation
Five Core Job
Characteristics

Skill Variety
Task Identity
Task Significance
Autonomy
Job Feedback
Approaches to Job
Design

Scientific Management
Behavioral Approach
Job Enlargement
Job Enrichment
Job Rotation
Social Technical System
Scientific Management
Advantages of specialization
Simplifies training
High Productivity
Low wage costs

Disadvantages of specialization
Difficult to motivate quality
Worker dissatisfaction
Job Enlargement
Advantages

Increase scope

Disadvantages

No challenge
Job Enrichment
Advantages

Lower Staff turnover

Less absenteeism
Job Rotation
Advantages

Reduces Boredom

Broadens experiences

Gives broad understanding

Job Rotation continued
Disadvantages

Increased training costs

Reduced productivity

Demotivates specialists
Social Technical System
Job should be reasonably
demanding
Employee should be able to
continue learning on the job
Employees need recognition in
work place
Employees need to relate what
they produce to their social life
Tools of Job Design
Process Flowchart
Motion Study
Work measurement
Stopwatch time study
Standard elemental times
Work Sampling
Learning Curve
Process Flow Chart
Exercise
Divide into groups of 3 or 4

Make a flow chart for the

following process
Process Flow Chart
Exercise
QuickCopy Store does copying jobs
for walk-in customers. When a
customer comes in with a copy job, a
desk operator fills out a work order
(name, number of copies, quality of
paper, and so on) and places it in a
box. An operator subsequently picks
up the job, makes the copies, and
returns the completed job to the
cashier, where the job transaction is
completed. (Russell and Taylor,
Operations Management)
Answer
Process Description Process Symbols
Desk Operator fills out work order
Work order placed in "waiting job" box
Job picked up by operator and read
Job carried to appropriate copy machine
Operator waits for machine to vacate
Operator loads paper
Operator sets machine
Operator performs and completes job
Operator inspects job for irregularities
Job filed alphabetically in completed work shelves
Job waits for pickup
Job moved by cashier for pickup
Casheir completes transaction
Cashier packages job (bag, wrap, or box)

Operation
Transportation
Inspection
Delay
Storage
Current Trends in
Job Design
Flextime

Compressed Workweek

Job Sharing

Telecommuting
Summary

Job design can help your firm find

the most efficient way to operate
Job design can improve the quality of
work life and satisfaction for your
employees.
This leads to a smoother running,
more profitable business
 Bibliography
Russell, Roberta S. and Bernard W.
Taylor. Operations Management.
Prentice Hall, Inc., 2000.

Chapter 6-Job Design. Internet

http://www.pittstate.edu/mgmkt/chapt
er6spol.html. 3/7/2001

Job Design and Motivation. Internet

http://www.shef.ac.uk/uni/companies/
msmu/jobdesignmotivation.htm.
Bibliography continued
Job Design and Work Arrangements.
Internet.
http://mars.wnec.edu/~achelte/gr
ad7outline.htm.