FUNCTION : Movement, heart beat,

vascular contraction, peristaltic,

gallbladder emptying, etc. (1,2)
Muscle cell Muscle fiber coz its
elongated shape(2)
Develop from mesoderm (1)
 Most abundant tissue in human
body (2)
Structure of skeletal muscle :
Formed by long cylindrical,
multinucleated cell/fiber
Cross-striations on muscle
fiber
Contraction : fast & voluntary
FASICLE/FASIKULUS : groups of
muscle fibers. Group of fasicle
muscle
 Generally do not branch
except in face & tongue(2)
Surrounded by :
Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium
Epi/Peri/Endomysium
continous layer
with blood & lymph
vessel, nerves.
 Sarcolemma
Sarcoplasm
Mutinucleated cell,
peripherally placed
nuclei, located
below the
sarcolemma/sub
sarcolemma
Sarcosom
 Sarcoplamic reticulum :
Has sarcotubules
form a mesh around
each myofibril called
TERMINAL
CISTERNAE
2 T. cisternae & T-
tubule (originated
from sarcolemma)
form TRIAD of
skeletal muscle
 Elongated, threadlike
structures in the
sarcoplasm, run the length
of muscle muscle fiber
Consist of :
1. Thin fillament :
Actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin
2. Thick fillament :
Myosin
Elastic filament (titin)
 Thick & thin fillament
Banding in skeletal muscle :
A band (dark band) : thin &
thick filament overlapping
I band (light band) : thin
filament only
H band : thick filament only
M line : separate direction of
Myosin orientation
Z line : separate sarcomeres
Sarcomere : contraction unit
between 2 Z line in myofibril
The bracket spans a distance of 10 sarcomeres.
 Branches of a motor nerve
end on the muscle fiber
Appear as slightly elevated
plaque on muscle fiber
accumulation of nuclei
Consist of :
Unmyelinated axon
Primary synaptic clefts
from axon, with synaptic
vesicle filled with
acetylcholine
Secondary synaptic clefts
from sarcolemma of musle
fiber
 Neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine carries
the message across
the cleft!
 NEUROMUSCULAR
SPINDLE/MUSCLE SPINDLE
: modified skeletal muscle
fiber associated with
sensory and motor nerves
Intrafusal fibers
2 types of intrafusal fibers :
1. Nuclear bag fiber :
larger
2. Nuclear chain fiber :
thinner, nuclei form
single row
FIG. 4. Normal-appearing muscle from a 4-year-old girl. The
center of the image contains a normal-appearing muscle spindle.
(H&E, 200x)
 Ca 2+ released from
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Thin filament shift to myosin
move inward A band
Space between I band & H
band shortens
Z line move toward A band
sarcomere shortens
Contraction
Ca2+ return to sarcoplasmic
reticulum Relaxation
 Adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) Mitochondria
ATP from aerobic or
anaerobic metabolism
 Found only in heart (2)
Contraction : automatic,
spontaneous & involuntary(1,
2)

Structure of cardiac muscle :

(1, 2)

Striated but involuntary

Surrounded by conn tissue
as in skeletal muscle
more irregular due to
branching fibers
 Elongated, cylindrical &
branching fiber
Each fiber contains only 1 or
2 nuclei, centrally placed
Cross striations similar to
skeletal muscle (A/I/H band
& M/Z line)
Sarcoplasm contain
numerous large
mitochondria
Longitudinal section of cardiac muscle.
The endomysium is shown by (a)
The arrowheads show intercalated discs.
The arrows indicate regions of branching
(b) shows lipochrome granules which appear in the cytoplasm near the nuclei of cardiac
muscle.
 Special junctions at the end
of two cardiac fiber
Light microscope : dark
lines crossed the cardiac
fiber
3 junctions :
1. Fascia adherens
2. Macula adherens
(desmosome)
3. Gap junctions
 Modification of
cardiac muscle
transfer impulse faster
than ordinary cardiac
muscle
Purkinje fiber : thicker,
larger diameter, more
cytoplasm & contain
less myofibril
 Distribution : whole body
(blood vessel, GI tract,
respiratory tract, dermis,
reproductive system)(2)
No cross striations(1, 2)
Contraction : slow,
continue & involuntary(1,
2)
 Vary in length in different
organs (20 m in small
blood vessel to 500-600
m in pregnant uterus)
Squamous cell,
expanded central region,
tapering ends
Squamous nuclei, single
& centrally placed
Sarcoplasm : no
striations
homogenous
 Cardiac muscle : unable to regenerate scar
tissue
Skeletal muscle : able to regenerate perform
by satellite cell
Smooth muscle : limited ability to regenerate
perform by mitosis of muscle cell
1. Histologi Dasar, Edisi 8, L. Carlos Junquira MD,
Jose Carneiro MD, Robert O. Kelley PhD, EGC,
1995. Hal. 220-238
2. Essentials Of Human Histology, Second Edition,
William J. Krause PhD, Little Brown &
Company (Inc), 1996. Hal. 117-137
3. Color Textbook of Histologi, 2nd edition, Gartner LP,
Hiatt JL, WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, 2001.
1. Ny. Nana, 40 thn, datang ke Poliklinik dgn keluhan diare. Hal ini
dialami sejak tadi malam. Frekwensi 8 kali. Buang air besar
disertai lendir, darah dan rasa mulas. Dari hasil pemeriksaan
didapati rasa mulas berasal dari kontraksi berlebihan otot usus
Ny. Nana.
Pernyataan yg sesuai untuk otot usus Ny. Nana adalah.
A. Serat silindris dan bercabang
B. Terdapat intercalated disc
C. Bentuk serat squamous
D. Terdapat striation pada sarcoplasma
E. Nucleus terletak subsarcolemma
JAWAB : C
2. Pernyataan yang benar untuk inti sel pada soal diatas adalah
A. Inti sel 1 atau 2 buah
B. Nucleus multiple
C. Nucleus subsarcolemma
D. Nucleus terletak dibagian perifer
E. Nucleus terletak di bagian central sel
JAWAB : E