Physical Properties of

Solution
SAFWATUN NIDA
Solution
What is solution?
What is the interactions in a solution?
TYPES OF SOLUTION
 If the solvent-solute interaction is GREATER than the solute-solute
interaction and the solvent-solvent interaction, then the solution
process is favorable (Exothermic; Hsol<0)

If the solvent-solute interaction is WEAKER than the solute-solute

interaction and the solvent-solvent interaction, then the solution
process endothermic (Hsol>0)
Why does a solute dissolve in a solvent if
the interaction among its own molecules
is greater than the interaction among its
own molecules and the solvent molecules?
A solution process, is governed by two factors
One factor is the energy (H)
The second factor is the entrophy (S)
Solution process is accompanied by an increase in the randomness or
disorder
It is the increase in disorder of the system that favors the solubility of
any substance, even if the solution process in endothermic
What happen if the solution process in endothermic and the increase
in disorder of the system is not greater than the energy required?
Solubility
Solubility is a measure of the amount of a solute that will dissolve in a solvent at
a specific temperature
Two substances with intermolecular forces of similar type and magnitude are
likely to be soluble in each other (like dissolves like)
For example ethanol and water
Both are polar substances
The interacmolecular forces among themselves are hydrogen bond and London
dispersion force
They are soluble in each other because the attraction between ethanol
molecules and water molecules are comperable in magnitute to that between
ethanol molecules and between water molecules
Solubility
Another example is liquid carbon tetrachloride
and benzene.
Both of them are non polar substances
The only intermolecular forces present in these
two substances are London dispersion forces
When these two liquids are mixed, they readly
dissolve in each other, between the attraction
between CCl4 and C6H6 molecules is
comparable in magnitute to that between CCl4
molecules and between C6H6 molecules
What happen when you mix
gasoline and water? Are they
miscible in each other?
Explain this phenomenon
Explain the interactions when
sodium chloride dissolves in water!
Explain why is sodium chloride less
soluble in nonpolar solvent than in
polar solvent
 The solubility of Br2 in benzene is greater than that in water
Br2 and C6H6 are non polar substances
The interactions among Br2 molecules and C6H6 molecules are london
force (GAM 1)
The interactions among Br2 molecules and H2O molecules are induced
dipole dipole and london force (GAM 2)
GAM 1 is stronger than GAM 2
Thats why Br2 is more soluble in C6H6 than in water
 KCl is more soluble in liquid amonia (NH3) than in carbon tetrachloride
(CCl4)
In liquid NH3, K+ and Cl- are stabilized by NH3 molecules. The
interaction is called ion-dipole interaction + london force (GAM 1)
In CCl4 , the interactions among K+ and Cl- are ion-dipole induced
interactions + london force (GAM 2)
GAM 1 > GAM 2
Thats why KCl is more soluble in liquid NH3 than in CCl4
 Formaldehyde (CH2O) and water (H2O) are polar substances
Formaldehyde interaction with water is hydrogen bond and london
force (GAM 1)
Formaldehyde (CH2O) interaction with CS2 is dipole-induced dipole
and london force (GAM 2)
GAM 1 > GAM 2
The interaction among formaldehyde and water is greater than the
interaction among formaldehyde molecule and CS2 molecules
It means formaldehyde is more soluble in water than in CS2
Effect of Temperature on Solubility

Solid Solubility and Temperature

Effect of Temperature on
Solubility
Gas solubility and temperature
Post Test
Explain this phenomenon
2. How is the effect of temperature on solubility of solid substance?
3. How is the effect of temperature on solubility of gas substance?
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