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Contents
Introduction
General
Advantages
Literature review
Conclusion
References
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Introduction
Composites materials : Combination of 2 or more material constituents at
macroscopic level and constituents are not soluble in each other.
Less noisy in operation and provide lower vibration transmission than metals.
aluminium.
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Literature review
Shahajan kuriakose et al (2012) study the effect of reinforcement by surface treatment
on Mechanical behavior of coir reinforced polymer composite.
Treated coir composite shows higher tensile, flexure strength results than
untreated coir composite.
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Rakesh Kumar et al.(2011) study the chemical changes of natural fiber to make better
machanical properties.
Reinforcing efficiency of natural fiber is depends upon the nature of cellulose and
its crystallinity.
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Uday et al.(2014) Study the flexural properties of coir-vinyl ester composite.
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Girisha C et al.(2012) study the effect of water absorption on mechanical properties by
varying the fiber content.
Used sisal/coir epoxy composites for the weight fraction of 20%, 30% and 40%.
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Objective of the project
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Materials
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Materials
Polyester resin:
Thermosetting polymer.
Density of 1.10 g/cm3
Cobalt Naphthalene:
Transparent liquid.
Speed up chemical reaction.
Cross linking of polymer subunits at lower temperature.
Chemical modifications:
Natural fibers contain hydroxyl groups from cellulose and lignin.
immersed in 5% NaOH solution for 24 hours.
finally washed with water to remove residual alkali.
fibers were dried at room temperature for 23 days.
activate hydroxyl groups or introduce new moieties.
effectively interlock with the matrix.
increase the surface roughness.
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Methodology
Preparation of the Mould:
Frames are made up of mild steel.
Frames are fabricated to the dimension of 30.0 X 30.0 X t cm (t=thickness
ranges 0.3 to 0.6 cm)
Uniform thickness at all points is checked using digital screw gauge.
Volume of frame is calculated.
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Tensile test
Test specimen grip length is consider as 20% of span length and span length is taken
as 20 times of thickness.
2 40 8 13 48
3 60 12 13 72
4 80 16 13 96
5 100 20 13 120
6 120 24 13 144
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Tensile test Results
10 3 1.59 21.200
15 3 1.42 18.933
20 3 1.38 18.400
25 3 1.46 19.467
30 3 1.98 26.400
10 4 0.84 8.400
15 4 1.43 14.300
20 4 1.62 16.200
25 4 1.43 14.300
30 4 0.8 8.000
10 5 2.39 19.120
15 5 2.43 19.440
20 5 3.39 27.120
25 5 1.84 14.720
30 5 1.78 14.240
10 6 1.62 10.800
15 6 2.23 14.867
20 6 2.58 17.200
25 6 2.98 19.867
Flexural test Results
Length (mm) Thickness (mm) Load (KN) Flexural Strength (MPa)
Fiber (%)
10 60 3 0.11 84.615
15 60 3 0.11 84.615
20 60 3 0.11 84.615
25 60 3 0.15 115.384
30 60 3 0.06 46.153
10 80 4 0.25 144.230
15 80 4 0.26 150.000
20 80 4 0.27 155.769
25 80 4 0.29 167.307
30 80 4 0.33 190.384
10 100 5 0.27 124.615
15 100 5 0.28 129.230
20 100 5 0.29 133.846
25 100 5 0.29 133.846
30 100 5 0.26 120.000
10 120 6 0.14 53.846
15 120 6 0.31 119.230
20 120 6 0.38 146.153
25 120 6 0.32 123.076
30 120 6 0.34 130.769
Conclusion
Tensile and flexure strength: higher value b/w 15 % to 25% fiber volume fractions.
Some specimen shows abnormal behavior during testing.
Distribution fallow : Normal distribution.
Probabilistic analysis helps : Select desired composite specimen based on strength.
Sl. Thickness Strength Designation Range of Probability Followed
No. tensile distribution
(mm) (%)
strength
(MPa)
Tensile strength Treated coir-30% FVF 23.2 to 29 97.025
1 3
Flexural strength Treated coir-25% FVF 88.8 to 145 90.327
[2] M.Sakthivel, S.Ramesh. Mechanical properties of natural fibre (banana, coir, sisal) polymer
composites, science park issn: 2321 8045, vol-1, issue-1,(2013)
[4] Morsyleide F. Rosa, Borsen Chiou, Eliton S. Medeiros, Delilah F. Wood, Tina G. Williams,
Luiz H.C. Mattoso, William J. Orts, Syed H. Imam. Effect of ber treatments on tensile and
thermal properties of starch/ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers/coir biocomposites, Bioresource
Technology 100 (2009) PP 51965202
[5] G.M Arifuzzaman. Thermal characterization of chemically treated coconut husk fibre- Indian
journal of fibre and textile research, volume 37, (2012), PP 20-26
[6] Girisha.C,. Sisal/Coconut Coir Natural Fibers EpoxyvComposites: Water Absorption and
Mechanical Properties, International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
Volume 2, Issue 3, (2012)
[7] D.Senthilnathan. Characterization of glass fibre-coconut coir-human hair hybrid composites,
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International journal of engineering and technology, volume 6, (2012)
References(conti.)
[8] A. Z Ahmad Mujahid1, M.A., Nurullia, Norashida. Experimental modal analysis (ema) on
coconut coir fibre reinforced composite, Global Engineers & Technologist Review, Vol. 1 No.1 (2011)
9] I.Z.Bujang, study on the dynamic characteristic of coconut fibre reinforced composites. Regional
Conference on Engineering Mathematics, Mechanics, Manufacturing & Architecture (2007)
[10] Dr. Shajan Kuriakose, . Mechanical Behavior of Coir reinforced Polyester CompositesAn
Experimental Investigation. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Volume 2, Issue 12, (2012)
[11] Chan Wen Shan, Study Of Flexible Polyurethane Foams Reinforced With Coir Fibres and Tyre
Particles. International Journal of Applied Physics And Mathematics, Vol. 2, No. 2, (2012)
[12] Pakanita Muensri. Effect of lignin removal on the properties of coconut coir fibre/wheat gluten
biocomposite, ELSEVIER, composite part A 42-(2011) PP 173-179
[13] Emunuel M.Fernandes. Novel cork-polymer composites reinforced with short natural coconut fobres:
effect of fibre leading and coupling agent addition. Composite science and technology 78 (2013) PP 56-63
[14] D. Chandramohan & K. Marimuthu. A Review On Natural Fibers. IJRRAS 8 (2) (2011)
[15] Belas Ahmed Khan. Uses Of Coir Fibre, Its Products &Implementation Of Geo-Coir In Bangladesh.
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Daffodil International University Journal Of Science And Technology, Volume 2, Issue 2, (2007)
Thank You
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