ELECTICAL SAFETY

COURSE AIM

The aim of this training is to provide information regarding

electricity, static electricity, hazards associated and
precautions that have to be taken, in order to prevent any
incident or accident.
 GENERATING ELECTRICITY

Electricity, How does it work?

Friction, pressure, heat, light, chemical reaction, and

magnetism,
Magnetism is most practical & inexpensive method,
Electricity is produced when a magnet is moved past
a piece of wire, or wire is moved through a magnetic
field.
 Electrical Terms

DIRECT CURRENT
Always flows in one direction,
Used to charge batteries, run some motors, operate magnetic
lifting devices and welding equipment.
ALTERNATING CURRRENT
More common in electrical work,
Changes rapidly in both direction and value,
Power companies produce power cheaper with alternating
current.
 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

SHALL ALWAYS BE SUPPOSED THAT ALL ELECTRICAL

LINES AND EQUIPMENT ARE ENERGIZED AND HAZARDOUS,
UNTIL ALL COMPONENTS HAVE BEEN PROPERLY ISOLATED
FROM ELECTRICAL SOURCES, GROUNDED, TAGGED,
LOCKED OUT AND TESTED, by attempted reenergisation.
 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

PRIMARY HAZARDS
Electrocution (Electrical shock)
Fire and Explosions.

SECONDARY HAZARDS
Burns:
Contact Burns;
Flash Burns.
Falls
 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

Electrocution (electric shock)

An electric shock can occur when human body is in contact with
any source of voltage high enough to cause sufficient current flow
through the body. The current may cause tissue damage or heart
fibrillation if it is sufficiently high.
 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

Sometimes high voltages lead

to indirect injuries.

High voltages can cause violent

muscular contractions.

The indirect result can be injury

resulting from a fall or even
death if work is at high, or
movement into machinery
because of a shock.
 The Effects of Electrical Current
on the Body
The danger from electrical shock depends on:
the amount of the shocking current through the body,
the duration of the shocking current through the body, and
the passingway of the shocking current through the body.

Current passing through the body depends on:

Voltage applied
Resistance of body and local conditions
moisture of skin
other factors (e.g. size, weight etc.)
 The Body Resistance

Dry skin may have a resistance of 1,000,000 ohms.

Wet skin may have a resistance of only 1,000 ohms.

The low resistance of wet skin allows current to pass

into the body more easily and give a greater shock.

When more force is applied to the contact point or

when the contact area is larger, the resistance is lower,
causing stronger shocks.
 The Passingwy through the Body

The path of the electrical current through the

body affects the severity of the shock.
Currents through the heart or nervous system
are most dangerous.
 The Passing through the Body

If you contact a live wire with your head, your nervous system
will be damaged.
Contacting a live electrical part with one hand while you are
grounded at the other side of your body will cause electrical
current to pass across your chest, possibly injuring your heart
and lungs.
 Effects Of Electrical
Current on the Body
1 milliamp Just a slight shake

6 milliamps A slight disturbing shock, but not painful. But

strong involuntary movements can cause injuries.

6 to 30 milliamps Painful shock. Muscular control is lost.

30 to 150 milliamps Extremely painful shock, breathing stops, severe

muscle contractions, ventricular fibrillation. Death
is possible.
1 to 4.3 amps Heart pumping action is no more rhythmic
(fibrillations occurs). Muscles contract, nerves
damages occurs. Death is probable.
10 amps Cardiac arrest and severe burns occur. Death is
probable.
 First Aid for People Shocked by
Electricity
Do not touch the victim yourself if
he is still in contact with an
electrical circuit!
Shut off the electrical current if the
victim is still in contact with the
energized circuit
If you cannot get to the switchgear
quickly, pull the victim from the circuit
with something that does not
conduct electricity such as dry wood.
Once that electrical current is no
longer flowing through the victim, call
the victim to see if he is conscious.
 First Aid for People Shocked by
Electricity (cont.)
If the victim is conscious, tell the victim not to move. It is
possible for a shock victim to be seriously injured but not realize
it.
Quickly examine the victim for signs of major bleeding.
If there is a lot of bleeding, place a cloth (such as a handkerchief
or bandanna) over the wound and apply pressure.
If the wound is in an arm or leg and keeps bleeding a lot, gently
elevate the injured area while keeping pressure on the wound.
Keep the victim warm and talk to him or her until help arrives.
 First Aid for People Shocked by
Electricity (cont.)
If the victim is unconscious, check for signs of breathing. While
you do this, move the victim as little as possible.

If the victim is not breathing, someone trained in CPR should

begin artificial breathing, then check to see if the victim has a
pulse. Quick action is essential! To be effective, CPR must be
performed within 4 minutes of the shock.
 Electrical Fires and Explosions

Electricity is one of the most common causes of fires and thermal

burns in homes and workplaces.
Defective or misused electrical equipment is a major cause of electrical
fires.
If there is a small electrical fire, be sure to use multi -purpose (ABC) fire
extinguisher or CO2 fire extinguisher.

However, do not try to put out fires unless you have

received proper training.

If you are not trained, the best thing you can do is

evacuate the area, raise the alarm, and call for help.
Fire and Explosions: Electrical Transformers
 Arc Blast

Arc-blasts occur when powerful, high-amperage currents arc

through the air.
Arcing is the luminous electrical discharge that occurs when
high voltages exist across a gap between conductors and
current travels through the air.

This situation is often caused by equipment failure due to

abuse or fatigue. Temperatures as high as 19,500 C have
been reached in arc-blasts.
Controlling Site Electrical Hazards
 Site Electrical Hazards

Inadequate wiring.
Exposed electrical parts.
Overhead power lines.
Wires with bad insulation can give you a shock.
Electrical systems and tools that are not grounded or double-
insulated.
Overloaded circuits.
Damaged power tools and equipment.
Using the wrong PPE.
Using the wrong tool.
Ladders that conduct electricity.
Humidity and/or the worker, location, or equipment are wet.
 Controlling Electrical Hazards

Site electrical installation to comply with electrical

safety standard,

Only competent electrician for operation / maintenance,

Electrical apparatus double isolated and/or grounded,

Cable resistant and water proof,

Temporary electrical cable shall be routed in safe

manner, elevated by proper means and/or protected
from damaged or trip,
 Controlling Electrical Hazards

Route map of temporary underground cable shall be

communicated on site and shall be identified by
flags/signs, etc.
About 1m distance shall be left free around switch panel
for operation / maintenance,
Low voltage equipment where necessary,
Minimum 5 m distance from any live cable, or more for
High Voltage,
Above 50V any work shall be considered hazardous and
execute according with safe work practices (LOTO, etc.).
 Controlling Electrical Hazards

Prevent shocking currents from electrical

systems and tools by grounding them or
utilizing double insulated tools.

Prevent shocking currents by using GFCI's.

Prevent too much current in circuits by using

over current protection devices.

Mantain safe distance from live parts, cable

and equipment (min. 5 meters)

Utilize only low volatge equipment in

restricted places
 Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter
This device protects you from dangerous shock,

The GFCI detects a difference in current between the phase and neutral
circuit wires,

(This could happen when electrical equipment is not working

correctly, causing current leakage known as a ground fault.)

If a ground fault is detected, the GFCI can shut off electricity flow in as
little as 1/40 of a second, protecting you from a dangerous shock.
 Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter
GFCIs are complex mechanisms, they must be tested on a
regular basis,
Installation must be correct according to the listing &
labeling requirements or the GFCI will not protect as
designed,
For permanently mounted types, once a month testing is
recommended,
Portable GFCIs should be tested before each use!
GFCIs have a test-circuit which imposes an artificial ground
fault when the test button is pushed.
Controlling Electrical Hazards
 Controlling Electrical Hazards

Grounding

SUITABLE APPARATUS MOTOR EQUIPMENT GROUNDED

LOCK OUT AND TAG EQUIPMENT

OUT PROTECTION
 Controlling Electrical Hazards

Insulated rubber/leather
gloves

Insulated tools

Insulated barriers

Suitable ladders for

electrical works
(fiberglass) with rubber
feet.
 Controlling Electrical Hazards

CABLE MANAGEMENT =Poor Cable Management

Potential Short Circuit

Fall injuries
Burns
Cable Damage
Never use powered equipment with
looped cable, always run cable out, to
avoid fusion.

Potential
..Fire
 Controlling Electrical Hazards

SWITCH PANEL PROTECTION

 Controlling Electrical Hazards

ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION AND MOTOR CONTROL CENTER

ALWAYS MUST BE CONSIDERED RESTRICTED AREAS
DO NOT ENTER! AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY!

CABLE / FIRE &

SYSTEM GAS
ENERGIZED SYSTEM IN
SERVICE
ELECTICAL SAFETY

Thank you

Any Questions?