LICENSURE

EXAMINATION
For TEACHERS
Review in English
 GENERAL EDUCATION

Coverage:
- Study and Thinking Skills
- Writing in the Discipline
- Speech and Oral Communication
- Master Works of the World
1.1 The Teaching of Speaking, Listening, Reading
1.2 Teaching of literature
1.3 Preparation and Evaluation of Instructional
Materials
1.4 Language and Literature Assessment
1.5 Language Research
1.6 Campus Journalism
1.7 Translation and Editing of Text
1.8 Speech and Stage Arts
1.9 Creative Writing
Structure of
English
 ERRORS ON THE PARTS OF SPEECH
1. Nouns
a. Collective Nouns:
army, police, faculty, PNP, NPA, swarm, flock

b. Nouns which may be both singular or plural:

Personnel, equipment, food, advice, work,
water, sand, jewelry

c. Nouns which are always plural:

cattle, sheep, scissors, pliers, nippers, tongs
 d. Nouns which are singular in number but
plural in form:
physics, mathematics, news, lens, civics

2. Pronouns
a. Cases of Pronouns
* It was (I, me) who did it
* The guests, Mr. Santos and (she, her) will
take the first flight.
* They welcome the guests, Mr. Santos and
(she, her).
* Our Lady President can run faster than
(him, he).
b. Gender of Pronouns when personifying
* The tsunami never saved many of (her, his)
victims in Thailand.
* The moon spreads (her, his) brilliance over the
green fields.
* The Philippines ranks second among the corrupt
nations in Asia, lets help strengthen (her,
his) moral fiber.
* I call my car (Oscar. He, She) runs like a racer.
3. Verbs
a. Tense
* She (comes, came, come) tomorrow.
* Miss Cruz (had been, has been, was been) my
teacher since high school.
* (Shall, Will) we dance?
* The auditor always (do, does, did) his work with
zeal and enthusiasm.
b. Mood
* If I (am, were, was) a bachelor, If I (am, were, will) to
marry.
* God (bless, blesses) our home.
* If that man over there (is, were, was) Pedro, he (can,
would, will) have waived to us.
* Raise your right hand and show your palm.
c. Voice
* The Regional Director talked about some vital issues in
education.
* Some vital issues in education were talked about by the
Regional Director.
d. Agreement between Subject and Verb (Choose
the correct form of verb)
* One of the best things that happened in my life (was, were)
the trip to various places in the North.
* Ham and egg (is, are) good for breakfast.
* Many a boy (wish, wishes) to be come rich.
* The brave (deserve, deserves) commendations.
* The number (is, are) quite big for the venue.
* A number of professors (use, uses) the modular approach.
* The remains (lie, lies) at the funeral parlor.
 * His cousin and friend (wear, wears) shorts.
* Either the dean or the teachers (go, goes) for a
conference.
* All of the salt (has, have) been dissolved.
* Everybody (look, looks) at her when she speaks.
* The participants, not the invited speaker (decide,
decides) to have recess.
* The organization (request, requests) the pleasure of his
company.
* Four hours (is, are) not enough for his long test.

5. Adjectives and Adverb (Modifiers)

* It is more better to go than to stay.
* Love me tender, love me sweet.
4. Adjectives and Adverbs (Modifiers)
* It is more better to than to stay.
* Love me tender, love me sweet.

5. Conjunctions
* Would you like tea (and, or) coffee? (infers
choice)
* Maria is not beautiful (but, and) shes charming.
* He is righteous (and, however), we all look at him
as a person of integrity and fame.
6. Prepositions
7. Interjections
* (Ouch!, Hurrah!) we won the game!

II. OTHER ERRORS COMMITTED IN SPEECH

AND IN WRITINGS
1. Double Negatives 2. Redundancy
3. Punctuations 4. Diction
5. Run-on 6. Sentence Fragments
7, Incoherent 8. Ununified Sentences
9. Wordiness 10. Pronunciation
11. Stress 12. Intonation
Grammar Topics:
1. SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT
2. TENSES
3. TAG QUESTIONS/STATEMENT-
QUESTION (vice versa)
4. PREPOSITION (IN,ON,AT)
5. THE USE OF TO, DO,DOES,DID
6. The Use of A/AN (a uniform, an apple)
7. Parallel Structure
 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
1. the verb agrees with the number of subject
2. subjects joined by and take a plural verb
3. singular subjects joined by or or nor take a
singular verb.
4. compound subjects joined by or...nor...agree
with the number of the subject nearer the verb
5. the verb agrees with the subjects and not with
the used verbs
6. titles used as a subject take a singular verb
7. fraction, agree with the subject in the of phrase
8. if decimal, use singular verb if it follows with a non-
count nouns; use plural if follows with a count noun
9. when referring to a group (faculty, team, batallion) if
considered as a unit-singular verb; if taken as
individuals - take a plural verb.
10. indefinite pronouns as: anyone, someone,
somebody -
use singular; many, both, few, several - use plural
11. intervening words do not affect the nouns-verbs
 TENSES
1. Present tense expresses habitual or
factual actions.
Example: The sun shines.
She sings.
2. Past tense expresses actions that happened in
the past.
Example: She sang yesterday.

3. Future tense expresses actions that will happen

in the future.
Example: She will sing.
4. Present Progressive tense expresses
actions that are happening at the moment.
Example She is singing.
5. Past Progressive tense this expresses a
continuing action that started and ended in the
past.
Example : She was singing all afternoon
yesterday.
6. Future Progressive tense this expresses a
continuing action that will happen in the future.
Example: She will be singing in the
competition.
7. Present Perfect tense this expresses an
action that started in the past, but still happening
at present or just recently ended.
Example: I have sung a song.
8. Past Perfect tense this expresses two past
actions, one happened before the other.
Example: She had sung before she
danced.
9. Future Perfect tense this expresses two
future actions, one will happen before the other.
Example: She will have sung before she
dances.
10. Present Perfect Progressive tense expresses an
action that started in the past and still happening at
present and most likely continue to happen in the
future.
Example: She has been singing since this
morning.
11. Past Perfect Progressive expresses two past
actions, the first one was still happening when the
second one transpired.
Example: She had been singing before the
bomb exploded.
12. Future Perfect Progressive this expresses two
future actions, wherein the first future action is still
happening when the second one transpires.
Example: She will have been singing before the
bomb explodes.
Instruction: Detect error/s in each of the
following sentences.

1. The dean instructed her two faculties to prepare the

documents needed by PACUCOA.
2. Regional Director of PNP was given a lot of
informations about the incident in Aklan.
3. It was the Dean of College of Engineering and him
who initiated the program.
4. West Negros College cares for its adopted Purok.
5. The director has passed the Monthly Report when the
VPAA Office secretary reminded him.
6. I wish I am a bird so that I can fly!
7. (News Headline) West Negros College was
recognized by CHED.
8. This is the most unique project I have ever see.
9. The campus looks beautiful.
10. Joe Cruz seldom attends his classes during school
days and he is the topnotcher in the recent bar
examination.
11. The victims relatives are angry with what happened
in Aklan.
12. He went to the woods irregardless of the risk.
13. You do your duty, or else you will be fired!
14. Dont stop! (when we mean Dont do it)
15. Please pick the scattered pieces of paper from the
floor.
16. Does she welcome criticism I dont think so.
17. Waiting for your reply.
18. Abraham Lincoln wrote the Gettysburg Address
while traveling to Gettysburg at the back of an
envelope.
19. Mr. Ford is a millionaire and he has seven Children.
20. What I did was I jumped off the raft.
 POSSESSIVE NOUNS
What is the difference between

a.The boy's books are on the table, and

b.The boys' books are on the table ?

The following rules apply:

1.If the possessive noun is singular, always add an
apostrophe + s.
2.If the possessive noun does not end in -s (in its
written form), always add an apostrophe + s.
3.If the possessive noun is plural and ends in -s (and
this is a characteristic feature of the large majority
of plural nouns), just add an apostrophe.
 Some words or phrases are awkward to pronounce
when the apostrophe is added ("geese's precise
formation," for example).
An author always has the option of rewriting the
sentence to avoid this problem ("The precise formation
of the geese...").
- If multiple nouns jointly own another noun, use an
apostrophe only on the final noun listed. In this sentence,
one car belongs to both the man and the woman.
The man and woman's car was badly damaged.
- If multiple nouns each possess another noun individually,
each noun should have an apostrophe. In this sentence,
there are two separate motivations, each owned by a
different person.
 The student's and the teacher's motivations were in
conflict.
- If a compound noun owns another noun, add the
apostrophe only to the last element.
My sister-in-law's love of shopping knows no limits.
The president-elect's agenda proposed no major policy
changes.
- If an indefinite pronoun (a noun that refers to no specific
person or thing) owns a noun, add -'s.
Someone's car is parked in the loading zone.
Does anybody's key fit this lock?
Proper nouns and apostrophes
- Possessive proper nouns are the capitalized
names of specific persons, places, or thingsIf the
name does not end in -s, add -'s.
Sally's hair was blond and curly.
The Boston Globe's editorial page is popular.

- If the name ends in -s and the pronunciation is not terribly

awkward, add -'s.
Robert Burns's poetry is difficult to understand.
Charles Dickens's novels contain an astonishing number of
characters.
- There are a few exceptions to this rule, of
course. One common deviation is when
only an apostrophe is added to proper
nouns that end in -s: Jesus, Moses, and
Greek names of more than one syllable
ending in -es.
In Sunday school, we studied Jesus' nativity
and Moses' parting of the Red Sea.
Sophocles' plays make one wonder what
kind of relationship he had with his parents.
- If the noun is singular and ends in -s, add -'s, as in the
following examples:
My boss's job at the bank was eliminated due to budget
cuts.
The class's average grade was impressive.
- If the noun is plural and ends in -s, add only an
apostrophe.
The clowns' shoes protruded from the window of the
Volkswagen.
Both bananas' peels had turned brown.
- If the noun is plural and does not end in -s, add -'s.
The children's play received a standing ovation.
The geese's precise formation in the sky impressed the
pedestrians.
 USE OF MODALS

a. can/could
- expressing ability
- may also express probability/possibility
b. may/might
- expressing probability/possibility
c. must/should
- expressing obligation/necessity
 USE OF PREPOSITION
a. in
- period of time in the future
- months, years, period of time
- referring to a line (row, column)
- bodies of water, referring to space
- in the morning, afternoon, and evening
b. at
- follows a precise time; comes before a group of people,
pointing with places of a page, referring to a place, at
night, before a verb without movement or a place (at
work, at the mall)
c. on
- produce specific calendar days
- procedes specific days of the week
- comes before a direction
- referring to surfaces
d. to
- follows a verb and comes before
places, cities, countries, and states (come
to work. go to San Juan)
 TYPES OF COHESION/COHESIVE DEVICES
( Discourse Signals by Halliday and Hasan)

1. Reference - a pronoun or phrase used to refer to an individual whose

identity is presented in the opening sentence(anaphoric
reference). Ex. Miss Saigon will be performed at the
CCP. It will be free to students.
2. Ellipsis/Substitution - an original part of statement is replaced.
Ex. Did the team played a superb game? I think so.
so = the team played a superb game.
3. Conjunction - presents relationship of the different parts of the text.
Ex. adversative (use of however, on the otherhand)
additive (and); temporal (then); causal (because)
4. Lexical - when two words are presented (by repetition, synonym,
super ordinate, general word) in a text and it is semantically
related.
God Bless Everyone!!!