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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 2 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Transistor Operation
With the external sources, VEE and VCC, connected as shown:
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 3 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Currents in a Transistor
IE = I C + I B
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 4 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Common-Base Configuration
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 5 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Common-Base Amplifier
Input Characteristics
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 6 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Common-Base Amplifier
Output Characteristics
This graph demonstrates
the output current (IC) to
an output voltage (VCB ) for
various levels of input
current (IE).
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 7 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Operating Regions
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 8 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Approximations
I I
C E
Base-emitter voltage:
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 9 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Alpha (a)
Ideally: a = 1
In reality: a is between 0.9 and 0.998
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 10 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Transistor Amplification
V = I R = (10 ma)(5 k) = 50 V
L L
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 11 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
CommonEmitter Configuration
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 12 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Common-Emitter Characteristics
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 13 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Common-Emitter Amplifier Currents
Ideal Currents
IE = IC + IB IC = IE
Actual Currents
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 14 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Beta ()
represents the amplification factor of a transistor. ( is
sometimes referred to as hfe, a term used in transistor modeling
calculations)
In DC mode:
IC
dc =
IB
In AC mode:
I C
ac =
I B
V CE =constant
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 15 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Beta ()
Determining from a Graph
2.7 mA
DC =
25 A V CE =7.5
= 108
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 16 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Beta ()
= =
+1 1
I C = IB I E = ( + 1)IB
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 17 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
CommonCollector Configuration
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 18 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
CommonCollector Configuration
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 19 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Operating Limits for Each Configuration
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 20 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Power Dissipation
Common-base:
PCmax =V IC
Common-emitter:
PCmax =V IC
Common-collector:
PCmax =V IE
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 21 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Transistor Specification Sheet
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 22 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Transistor Specification Sheet
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 23 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Transistor Testing
Curve Tracer
Provides a graph of the characteristic curves.
DMM
Some DMMs measure bDC or hFE.
Ohmmeter
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 24 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Transistor Terminal Identification
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 25 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.