Matakuliah : K0342 / Metode Numerik I

Tahun : 2006

HAMPIRAN NUMERIK SOLUSI

PERSAMAAN NIRLANJAR
Pertemuan 3

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 Pertemuan 3
HAMPIRAN NUMERIK
SOLUSI PERSAMAAN
NIRLANJAR

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 PERSAMAAN NIRLANJAR (N0N LINIER)

Yaitu persamaan yang mengandung variabel berpangkat lebih

dari satu dan/atau yang mengandung fungsi-fungsi transenden
Contoh:
n
1. f ( x) a k x k a0 x 0 a1 x a 2 x 2 a3 x 3 ... a n x n 0
k 0
2. f ( x) e x x 2 2 0
x
3. f ( x) e sin x x 0

dsb

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 Numerical method for finding
roots of non linear equations

Bracketing Open
methods methods

Bisecton False position Fixed point Newton-

method method method Raphson
method

Secant
method

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Bracketing Methods:
- At least two guesses are required
- Require that the guesses bracket the root of
an equation
- More robust that open methods

Open Methods:
- Most of the time, only one initial guess is
required
- Do that require that the guesses bracket
the
root of the equation
- More computationally efficient than
bracketing methods but they do not always
work..may blow up !! 5
Bracketing Methods
Bisection method
Method of False position

These methods are known as bracketing methods

because they rely on having two initial guesses.
- xl - lower bound and
- xu - upper bound.

The guesses must bracket (be either side of) the root. WHY ?

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f(x)

Bila f(xu) dan f(xl) berlainan tanda

xu x maka pasti akar, xr, diantara xu dan xl.
xl xr i.e. xl < xr < xu.

f(x)

xr xr xr xu x
xl
Atau terdapat akar yang banyaknya ganjil.

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f(x)
Bila f(xu) dan f(xl) mempunyai tanda
yang sama, maka kemungkinan tidak
x terdapa akar diantara xl and xu.
xl xu

f(x)
Atau kemungkinan terdapat banyaknya
akar genap diantara xl and xu.
xr xr x
xl xu

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There are exceptions to the rules
f(x)

x When the function is tangential

to the x-axis, multiple roots occur
Multiple
roots occur
here

f(x)

Functions with discontinuities

x do not obey the rules above

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The Bisection Method can be used to solve the roots for
such an equation. The method can be described by the
following algorithm to solve for a root for the function
f(x):
1. Choose upper and lower limits (a and b)
2. Make sure a < b, and that a and b lie within the range for
which the function is defined.
3. Check to see if a root exists between a and b (check to
see if f(a)*f(b) < 0)
4. Calculate the midpoint of a and b (mid = (a+b)/2)
5. if f(mid)*f(a) < 0 then the root lies between mid and a
(set b=mid), otherwise it lies between b and mid (set
a=mid)
6. if f(mid) is greater than epsilon then loop back to step
4, otherwise report the value of mid as the root.
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Metoda Bisection

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 Bisection method

This method converges to any pre-

specified tolerance when a single root
exists on a continuous function

Example Exercise: write a function that

finds the square root of any positive
number that does not require
programmer to specify estimates

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Iterasi Metoda bagi dua Double Click disini

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 Metoda Posisi Salah
Metoda posisi salah (Regula Falsi) tetap menggunakan dua
titik perkiraan awal seperti pada metoda bagi dua yaitu a0 dan
b0 dengan syarat f(a0).f(b0) < 0. Metoda Regula Falsi dibuat
untuk mempecepat konvergensi iterasi pada metoda bagi dua
yaitu dengan melibatkan f(a) dan f(b)

Rumus iterasi Regula Falsi:

(bn an )
cn1 bn f (bn ) n=0,1,2,3,
( f (bn ) f (an ))

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Metoda Posisi Salah

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 Metoda Terbuka

1. Metoda titik tetap

Pada metoda tetap, rumus iterasi diperoleh dari f(x) =0 yaitu
dengan mengubah f(x) = 0 menjadi:

xn1 g ( xn ) n 0,1,2,3,...
atau

xn1 xn f ( xn ) n 0,1,2,3,...
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Contoh:
f(x) = 1 x x^3=0
Rumus iterasi diperoleh
dengan x=x +f(x) yaitu: 0.6875 1 - 0.6875 3
1-2x-x^3 = -x, kemudian x3
2
diubah menjadi: 0.6813

x 1 - x^3 0.6813 1 - 0.6813 3

x4
x n n 2
n 1 2 0.6825
Jawab : x0 0 0.6825 1 - 0.6825 3
x5
2
0.6823
0 1 - 0 3
x 0.6823 1 - 0.6823 3
1
2 x6
2
0.5
0.5 1 - 0.53 0.6823
x2
2 Jadi akar pendekatan adalah 0.6823
0.6875
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 Hitung f(x) = 3 x2

X + kx + 3 x2 = x + kx

Jawab :

x0 = 1
x1= (1) + 1-(1)2/3 =1.666667

x2= (1.666667) + 1-(1.666667)2/3 =1.740741

x3= (1.740741) + 1-(1.740741)2/3 =1.730681

x4= (1.730681) + 1-(1.730681)2/3 =1.732018

x5= (1.732018) + 1-(1.732018)2/3 =1.732056

x6= (1.732056) + 1-(1.732056)2/3 =1.732051

Jadi akar pendekatan adalah 1.732051

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Metode Newton

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Double click disini

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Terima kasih
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