6102BEUG- Lecture Note: 02 09/12/17

ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DESIGN

Learning outcomes
LO1- Critically analyse the design process and apply it to complex structural
elements using different building materials and under different environmental
and loading conditions.

LO2- Produce and critically review safe and economical design in accordance with
the EC codes of practice.

LO3- Design more advanced structural elements in reinforced and pre-stressed

concrete, masonry, steel structures and pavement engineering for roads and
highways.

LO4- Produce and critically review safe and economical designs of structures in
accordance with the current codes of practice.

1 Prepared by: Eng. Chamil Duminda Mahagamage

International College of Business and Technology
B.Sc.Eng (Hons), C Eng, MIE(SL)
6102BEUG- Lecture Note: 02 09/12/17

Moment Redistributions

Code of Practice - EC2 Design of concrete structures

Introduction
Some method of elastic analysis is generally used to calculate the forces in a concrete
structure, despite the fact that the structure does not behave elastically near its
ultimate load. The assumption of elastic behaviour is reasonably true for low stress
levels, but as a section approaches its ultimate moment of resistance , plastic
deformation will occur. This is recognized in EC2 by allowing redistribution of the elastic
moments subject to certain limitations.

Stress-Strain curve for Stress-Strain curve for high Typical moment-curvature

concrete in compression yield reinforcing steel diagram for reinforced concrete

Prepared by: Eng. Chamil Duminda Mahagamage

International College of Business and Technology 2 B.Sc.Eng (Hons), C Eng, MIE(SL)
6102BEUG- Lecture Note: 02 09/12/17

Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete

Reinforced concrete behaves in a manner midway between that of steel and concrete.
Steel behave in elastoplastic manner and concrete behave in plastic manner. The exact
behaviour of a reinforced concrete section depends on the relative quantities and the
individual properties of the two materials. However such a secion may be considered
virtually elastic until the steel yields and then plastic until the concrete fail in
compression. Thus the plastic behaviour is limited by the concrete failure or more
specifically , the concrete failure limits the rotation that may take place at a section in
bending.
In an indeterminate structure, once a beam section develops its ultimate moment of
resistance (Mu) it then behaves as a plastic hinge resisting constant moment of that
value. Further loading must be taken by other parts of the structure, with the changes in
moment elsewhere being just the same as if a real hinge existed. Provided rotation of a
hinge does not cause crushing of the concrete, further hinges will be formed until a
mechanism is produced.

3 Prepared by: Eng. Chamil Duminda Mahagamage

International College of Business and Technology
B.Sc.Eng (Hons), C Eng, MIE(SL)
6102BEUG- Lecture Note: 01 09/12/17

Conditions for carrying out moment redistribution

1.Equilibrium between internal and external forces must be maintained, hence it is

necessary to recalculate the span bending moments and the shear forces for the load
case involved.
2.The continuous beams or slabs are predominately subject to flexure.
3.The ratio of adjacent spans be in the range of 0.5 to 2.
4.The design redistribution moment at any section should not be less than 70% of the
elastic moment.
5.There are limitations on the depth of the neutral axis of the section depending on the
percentage of redistribution.
6.The design moment for the columns should be the greater of the redistributed
moment or the elastic moment prior to redistribution.

4 Prepared by: Eng. Chamil Duminda Mahagamage

International College of Business and Technology
B.Sc.Eng (Hons), C Eng, MIE(SL)
6102BEUG- Lecture Note: 02 09/12/17

Example 01

Apply redistribution to reduce the maximum support moment as much as possible, but
without increasing the span moment above the present maximum value in following
problem.

48.75kN/m 33.75kN/m 48.75kN/m

48.75kN/m 33.75kN/m

5 Prepared by: Eng. Chamil Duminda Mahagamage

International College of Business and Technology
B.Sc.Eng (Hons), C Eng, MIE(SL)
6102BEUG- Lecture Note: 02 09/12/17

Moment redistribution and the design equations

The formation of plastic hinges requires relatively large rotations with yielding of the
tension reinforcement. To ensure large strains in the tension steel, the code of practice
restricts the depth of the neutral axis according to the magnitude of the moment
redistribution carried out.

6 Prepared by: Eng. Chamil Duminda Mahagamage

International College of Business and Technology
B.Sc.Eng (Hons), C Eng, MIE(SL)
6102BEUG- Lecture Note: 02 09/12/17

Example 02

Design of a section with moment redistribution applied and =0.8

The section shown in figure below is subjected to an ultimate design moment of

230kNm after a 20% reduction due to moment redistribution. The characteristic
material strengths are fyk = 500N/mm2 and fck = 25N/mm2. Determine the areas of
reinforcement required using the constants k1 and k2 from (a) the EC2 and (b) the UK
annex to EC2.

7 Prepared by: Eng. Chamil Duminda Mahagamage

International College of Business and Technology
B.Sc.Eng (Hons), C Eng, MIE(SL)