BY:-

MOHAMMAD SAADUDDIN
1604-16-741-003
 Specificities of Concrete
Problems with Conventional Concrete
History of SCC
Introduction
Attributes of SCC
Constituent materials
Properties of fresh SCC
Tests
Advantages & Disadvantages
Applications
 Concrete is a versatile material which is used as a
construction material

Properly placed and cured concrete exhibits

excellent compressive force resisting
characteristics

If properly not consolidated, its strength and

durability could be questionable

Use of concrete in special architectural

configurations and closely spaced reinforced bars
for intricate structures
 Requirement of skilled worker for compaction
in conventional concrete
Difficult to use mechanical compaction for
Underwater Concreting
Cast in-situ Pile Foundation
Columns with congested reinforcement
 It was first developed in Japan in late 1980s

The lack of uniform and complete compaction

led to the development of first practicable
SCC by researchers at University of Tokyo

SCC has been successfully used in France,

Denmark , UK, USA, etc
 Self Compacted Concrete is highly engineered
concrete with much higher fluidity without
segregation

Capable of filling every corner of formwork

under its self weight

SCC eliminates the need of vibration without

affecting its engineering properties
 With regard to its composition, SCC consists
of the same components as conventional
vibrated concrete, which are:-
Cement
Aggregate

Water
Chemical Admixtures i.e, Super plasticizers and
viscosity modifying Agents
Mineral Admixtures i.e, Fly ash,Silica
fumes,GGBFS etc.
 Constituent Typical Range by
Volume(lit/m^3)

Powder 160-240

Water 150-210

Coarse Aggregate 270-360

Water to powder ratio 0.8-1.1

Fine Aggregate 48-55% of total aggregate

weight
 Filling ability- The ability of the SCC to flow
under its own weight into the mould and fill all
spaces within intricate formwork

Passing ability- The ability of SCC to flow

through opening approaching the size of the mix
coarse aggregate
Such as, spaces between steel reinforcing bars, without
segregation

Segregation resistance- The ability of SCC to

remain homogenous during transport placing,
and after placement.
 The flow ability & viscosity of the paste to be adjusted
The volume of the paste must be greater than the void
volume in the aggregate
In order to control the temperature rise & thermal shrinkage
cracking as well as strength, the fine powder should be added
to keep cement content at an acceptable level

SCC should have:-

Low coarse aggregate content
Low water powder ratio
Increased super-plasticizers dosage
Increased paste content
Viscosity modifying agents
 Easier placing
Faster Construction
Reduced permeability
Safer working environment
Reduction in site manpower
Reduced wear and tear on forms from
vibration
 Slump flow test is used to find the filling ability of the SCC

The SCC sample is poured into the slump cone, then the slump
flow diameter is measured

Slump cone of 300mm height,100mm upper diameter and

200mm bottom diameter

The diameter of spread should lie between 650mm-800mm

The flow time is measured & that is known as T50 slump time

The higher the flow value, greater its ability to fill formwork

It gives good assessment of filling ability

 The V-Funnel test is used to find the segregation
resistance of SCC

The SCC sample is poured into the V-Funnel, now its

allowed to flow by its weight

If the concrete shows segregation, the flow time will

increase significantly

The emptying time of V-Funnel is noted

A funnel test flow time less than 6 sec is

recommended for a concrete to qualify for an SCC
 It determines the passing ability of SCC

It consist of ring of reinforcement bars that

will fit around the slump cone test

Slump cone is fitted with concrete and lifted

up as in slump cone test

The acceptable difference in height between

inside and outside should be between 0 and
10mm
 The L-Box is used to find the passing ability
of SCC

The SCC sample is poured into the L-Box

apparatus, now the plate is removed to allow
flow

The L-Box is calculated as H2/H1

The ratio between the heights of the concrete

at each end or blocking ratio to be 0.8
 Slump flow increases with the increase of water-
cement ratio

T500 time ,V-funnel time,T5 time are decreasing

with the increase of w/c ratio

L-Box value increases with the w/c ratio and

compressive strength, tensile & flexural strength
are decreasing as w/c ratio increases

Marginal increase in the compressive strength at

28 days of concrete as w/c ratio increases
 Top surface dry quickly because of the
increased quantity of paste, the low
water/fines ratio and the lack of bleed water
at the surface
To avoid this, initial curing should therefore
commence as soon as possible after placing
and finishing, to minimize shrinkage cracks
and surface crusting
 It can be placed at a faster rate with no mechanical
vibration & less screening

Improved & more uniform architectural surface finished

with little to no remedial surface work

Improved consolidation around reinforcements and bond

with reinforcements

Shorter construction periods and resulting cost saving and

less labor works

Ease of filling restricted and intricate sections

Greater freedom in design

 More stringent requirement on the selection of materials

More precise measurement & monitoring of the

constituent materials

Higher paste volume results in greater shrinkage and

creep

Higher strength achievement will reduce the workability to

unacceptable level

Lack of globally accepted standards & mix designs

Costlier than the Conventional Concrete based on concrete

material cost
 The Burj Khalifa is the tallest building in the world.SCC was
used throughout the building & was pumped 166 stories
above the ground

The highest use of SCC in India was done at Delhi Metro

Project. About 100000m^3 SCC has been used

The Trump Tower in Chicago, Illinois was a major user of

SCC.

It is a 92 storey reinforced concrete project that required 3500m^3 of

SCC to be cast in place continuously for 22 hours to construct the mat
foundation that supports the finished structure with a compressive
strength of 82 Mpa at 28th day

At Kaiga nuclear power plant, SCC of Characteristic

strength 30MPa was used
SCC was the cross passage between the main
tunnels of the rail network
 We can reduce the in place cost and making a
safer working environment for the workers

SCC can be effectively placed in most congested

areas

The cost of SCC is 10-15% higher than the

conventional concrete

SCC can save time, enhance quality, durability

and moreover it is a Green concept
 Thus, SCC can be stated as a boon to the
engineers for making Sophisticated designs
with the desirable strength leading to
increment in the span of the constructed
structure, but still this cant be used
everywhere due to its precise testing &
costing
COMPARISON BETWEEN

PILE FOUNDATION
&
CLSM
 CONTROLLED LOW
STRENGTH MATERIAL
(CLSM)
 Controlled low-strength material (CLSM) is a self-
compacted, cementitious material which used to increase
the bearing capacity of soil
Conventional CLSM mixtures a usually consist of water,
portland cement, crusher sand & admixtures
In service it exhibits characteristic properties of soils
The properties of CLSM are affected by the construction
of the mixture & the proportion of ingredients in the
mixture
CLSM is a safe, economical alternative to granular fill
 Depth of foundation >2.5m, CLSM shall be adopted
as structural fill

28 days compressive strength shall be up to 5 Mpa

Design & quality control shall be as per ACI 229-

1999: Controlled low strength materials
 Easy Flow: is a key property of Mega Fill that distinguishes
it from other fill materials. It enables easy flow into a void and
is easy to place without the need for conventional compacting
equipment. The flow can be adjusted based on the
requirements.

Hardening time: generally varies between 4 to 6 hours under

normal conditions.

Can be excavated: Mega Fill with a compressive strength of

1 to 2 Mpa and hence can be excavated easily with
conventional digging equipment.
 CLSM mixtures are usually designed based on development of
compressive strength.

Due to the sensitivity of compressive strength and other

properties, trial and error process has been recommended for
proportioning of flowable fill mixtures (FHWA, 1997).

For the case study, 100 100 mm moulds were used to cast
the specimens for the determination of compressive strength

The specimens were cured for varying periods, 7 days and 28

days, before the compressive strength tests.
 Based on the above figures it is found that the CLSM
mixture with the highest cement content along with the
required water content shows the greatest compressive
strength.

Thus, it is inferred from the above analysis that 15% -

30% of cement content is favorable for most of the
construction works.
Foundation of buildings and pavements.

Closure of burrows, canals, pits and mines.

Structural fill for foundation footings, sub footings,

floor slab bases, road bases,Sub bases, sub grades,
and utility bedding

Coverage of sewage, cables and water pipe canals

enabling re- excavation
Ease of mixing and placement

Ability to flow into hard-to-reach places

Environmentally-friendly utilization of by-product

materials such as fly ash sand in the mix,thereby
reducing the demands on landfills

CLSM is used in nuclear facilities for conventional

applications because it decreases personnel exposure
to radiation (ACI Committee 229, 1999).
Pump able easy to place. Does not require spreading or
compacting.

Reduces construction time.

High load-carrying capacity compared to compacted soil or

granular fill.

Less permeable, more resistant to erosion.

Does not form voids during placement and does not settle
under loading.

Improves worker Safety

Reduces need for equipment.

Can be placed without loaders, rollers or tampers.

Susceptibility to segregation and bleeding

High lateral pressures during placement

High shrinkage

Reduced durability of CLSM subjected to freezing and thawing

cycles.

Frost susceptibility, drainage, bleeding, earth pressure during

its fluid state.
 Piles are usually of reinforced concrete, driven into or cast in
the ground in order to carry foundation loads to some deep
underlying firm stratum

The main function of a pile is to transmit loads to lower levels

of ground by a combination of friction along their sides and
end bearing at the pile point or base .

Four or more piles may be used to support columns of framed

structures. The columns are connected to a reinforced concrete
pile cap connected to the pile.
S.No Particulars CLSM Pile Foundation
1 Cost of excavation Less expensive More expensive

2 Cost of Construction Less expensive More expensive

3 Special equipment& heavy machinery Reduces equipment needs It requires heavy equipment

4 Precise working & Skilled Labour Even less precision is workable Precision is of prime importance

5 Appraisals It requires less detailed It requires precise & detailed

inspection inspection

6 Pile cap Not required Required to transfer the loads to

the piles from the column

7 Working Easy to place & work with it It is quite a difficult task

8 Time duration Less time is required for More time is required for
construction construction

9 Workers safety It improves worker safety It has comparatively less worker

safety

10 Based on soil conditions This type of material can be used This can be used for different soil
under certain soil conditions to conditions to improve bearing
improve bearing capacity of soil capacity of soil
 CONSTRUCTON OF A
FOUNDATION BY USING PILES
& PILE CAP
 Thus, CLSMs predictable engineering properties and labor
saving attributes are making it the material of choice for
many applications. CLSMs numerous advantages provide
the engineer and constructor with another tool to help solve
the many challenges of construction and maintenance of
todays civil infrastructure.

Hence CLSM Technology supersedes the pile Foundation &

has become a current choice.
THANK YOU