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INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF
REFRIGERATION
1748 - William Coolen of Glasgow University produced refrigeration by cr
eating partial vacuum over ethyl ether. But, he could not implemen
t his experience in practice.
1834 - The first development took place when Perkins proposed a hand-o
perated compressor machine working on ether.
1920 - du Pont put in the market a family of new working substances, the
fluoro-chloro derivatives of methane, ethane, etc.popularly kno
wn as chloro fluorocarbons or CFCsunder the name of Freons.
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF
REFRIGERATION
1920 - Development was that of the ammonia-water vapour absorption ma
chine by Carre. These developments account for the major commerci
al and industrial applications in the field of refrigeration.
1898 - Dewar made the famous Dewar flask to store liquids at cryogenic tem
peratures.
The reverse process, however, cannot occur by itself. The transfer of hea
t from a low-temperature region to a high-temperature one requires
special devices called refrigerators.
Refrigerators are cyclic devices, and the working fluids used in the
refrigeration cycles are called refrigerants.
REFRIGERATORS AND HEAT PUMPS
Heat flows in the direction of decreasing temperature, that is, from
high-temperature regions to low-temperature ones. This heat-transfer
process occurs in nature without requiring any devices.
The reverse process, however, cannot occur by itself. The transfer of hea
t from a low-temperature region to a high-temperature one requires
special devices called refrigerators.
Refrigerators are cyclic devices, and the working fluids used in the
refrigeration cycles are called refrigerants.
REFRIGERATORS AND HEAT PUMPS
COPHP = COPR + 1
REFRIGERATORS AND HEAT PUMPS
3
Condenser
High Pressure
4 Side
Expansion
Device Compressor
1 2 Low Pressure
Side
Evaporator
VAPOR COMPRESSION CYCLE
Expansion
Device Compressor
1 2 Low Pressure
Side
Evaporator
IDEAL VAPOR COMPRESSION CYCLE
Expansion
Device Compressor
1 2 Low Pressure
Side
Evaporator
IDEAL VAPOR COMPRESSION CYCLE
The high pressure superheated
gas is cooled in several stages
in the condenser
3
Condenser
High Pressure
4 Side
Expansion
Device Compressor
1 2 Low Pressure
Side
Evaporator
IDEAL VAPOR COMPRESSION CYCLE
Liquid passes through expansion device,
which reduces its pressure and controls
the flow into the evaporator
3
Condenser
High Pressure
4 Side
Expansion
Device Compressor
1 2 Low Pressure
Side
Evaporator
ACTUAL VAPOR COMPRESSION CYCLE
An actual vapor-compression refrigeration cycle differs from the ideal
one in several ways, owing mostly to the irreversibilities that occur in
various components. Two common sources of irreversibilities are fluid
friction (causes pressure drops) and heat transfer to or from the
surroundings.
REFRIGERANT SELECTION
The advantages of ammonia over other refrigerants are its low cost,
higher COPs (and thus lower energy cost), more favorable
thermodynamic and transport properties and thus higher heat
transfer coefficients (requires smaller and lower-cost heat exchangers),
greater detectability in the event of a leak, and no effect on the
ozone layer.
R-12
R-12 is used in domestic refrigerators and freezers, as well as automotive air
conditioners.
R-22
R-22 is used in window air conditioners, heat pumps, air conditioners of
commercial buildings, and large industrial refrigeration systems, and offers
strong competition to ammonia.
R-502
R-502 (a blend of R-115 and R-22) is the dominant refrigerant used in
commercial refrigeration systems such as those in supermarkets because it
allows low temperatures at evaporators while operating at singlestage
compression.
Ice plants are usually classified by the type of ice they produce;
hence there are block ice plants, flake ice plants, tube, slice or
plate ice plants and so on.
TYPES OF ICEMAKER
Block Icemaker
Compressor
Condenser
Expansion Valve
Evaporator
Chilling Tank
Main Components of an Ice Plant
EVAPORATOR
The evaporator is an important device used in the low pressure side of the
refrigeration system. The liquid refrigerant from the expansion valve enters into the
evaporator where its boil and change into vapour.
The function of the evaporator is to absorb heat from the surrounding location or
medium which is to be cooled, by means of a refrigerant. The temperature of the
boiling refrigerant in the evaporator must always be less than that of the surrounding
medium so that heat flows to the
refrigerant.
The evaporator becomes cold and remains cold due to the following two reasons:
The temperature of the evaporation coil is low due to the low temperature of the
refrigerant inside the coil.
The low temperature of the refrigerant remains unchanged because any heat it
absorbs is converted to latent heat as boiling proceeds.
Main Components of an Ice Plant
TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
The shell and tube types of evaporators are used in the large refrigeration and
central air conditioning systems. The evaporators in these systems are
commonly known as the chillers. The chillers comprise of large number of the
tubes that are inserted inside the drum or the shell. Depending on the direction
of the flow of the refrigerant in the shell and tube type of chillers, they are
classified into two types: dry expansion type and flooded type of chillers.
In dry expansion chillers the refrigerant flows along the tube side and the fluid
to be chilled flows along the shell side. The flow of the refrigerant to these
chillers is controlled by the expansion valve. In case of the flooded type of
evaporators the refrigerant flows along the shell side and fluid to be chilled
flows along the tube. In these chillers the level of the refrigerant is kept
constant by the float valve that acts as the expansion valve also.
Main Components of an Ice Plant
TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
4. Shell and Tube Evaporator
Main Components of an Ice Plant
COMPRESSOR
A refrigerating compressor, as the name indicates,
is a machine used to compress the vapour
refrigerant from the evaporator and to raise its
pressure so that the corresponding saturation is
higher than that of the cooling medium. It also
continually circulates the refrigerant through the
refrigerating system. Since the compression of
refrigerant requires some work to be done on it,
therefore a compressor must be driven by some
prime mover. In other words the purpose of the
compressor in the vapour compression cycle is to
compress the low-pressure dry gas from the
evaporator and raise its pressure to that of the
condenser. Compressors may be divided into two
types, positive displacement and dynamic.
Main Components of an Ice Plant
Hermetic
Open Type
Semi-Hermetic
Main Components of an Ice Plant
CONDENSER
The condenser is an important device used
in the high pressure side of a refrigeration
system. Its function is to remove heat of hot
vapor refrigerant discharge from the
compressor. The hot vapour consists of the
heat absorbed by the evaporator and the
heat of compression added by the
mechanical energy of compressor motor.
The heat from the hot vapour refrigerant in
a condenser is removed first by transferring
it to the walls of the condensers tubes and
then from the tubes to the condensing or
cooling medium. The selection of the
condenser depends of the capacity of the
refrigerating system, the type of refrigerant
used and the type of cooling medium
available.
Main Components of an Ice Plant
Main Components of an Ice Plant
Types of Condenser:
Water-cooled
Air-cooled
Evaporative
.Water-Cooled Condenser
It is a heat exchanger that removes heat from refrigerant vapor and transfers it to the running
water. Having the refrigerant vapor condensed on the outside of a tube does this. In doing so, the
vapor condenses and gives up heat to the water running inside the tube.
Main Components of an Ice Plant
Air-Cooled Condenser
An air cooled condenser is one in which the removal of heat is done by
air. It consists of steel or copper tubing through which the refrigerant flows.
The size of tube usually ranges from 6-mm to 18-mm outside diameter,
depending upon the size of condenser. Generally copper tubes are used
because of its excellent heat transfer ability. The condensers with steel tubes
are used in ammonia refrigerating systems. The tubes are usually provided
with plate type fins to increase the surface area for heat transfer. The fins are
usually made from aluminum because of its light weight. The fin spacing is
quite wide to reduce dust clogging. The condensers with single row of tubing
provide the most efficient heat transfer. This is because the air temperature
rises at it passes through each row of tubing. The temperature difference
between the air and the vapour refrigerant decrease in each row of tubing
and therefore each row becomes less effective. However, single row
condensers require more space then multi row condensers.
Main Components of an Ice Plant
The single row condensers are usually used in small capacity refrigeration
systems such as domestic refrigerators, freezers, water coolers and room air
conditioners. The air cooled condensers may have two or more rows of tubing, but
the condensers with up to six rows of tubing are common. Some condensers have
seven or eight rows. However, more than eight rows of tubing are usually not
efficient. This is because the air temperature will be too close to the condenser
temperature to absorb any more heat after passing through eight row of tubing.
Main Components of an Ice Plant
EXPANSION DEVICES
The expansion device (also known as metric device or throttling
device) is an important device that divides the high pressure side
and the low pressure side of a refrigerating system. It is connected
the receiver (containing liquid vapour at high pressure) and the
evaporator (containing liquid refrigerant at low pressure). The
expansion device performs the following functions like to reduce the
high pressure liquid refrigerant to low pressure liquid refrigerant
before being fed to the evaporator and to maintain the desire
pressure difference between the high and low pressure side of the
system, so that the liquid refrigerant vaporizes at the designed
pressure in the evaporator.
Main Components of an Ice Plant
CAPILLARY TUBE
The capillary tube is used as an expansion device used in small capacity
hermetic sealed refrigeration units such as domestic refrigeration, water
cooler, room air conditioner and freezers. It is a cooper tube of small
diameter and of varying length depending upon the application. The inside
diameter of the tube used in refrigeration work is generally about 0.5 mm
to 2.25 mm and the length varies from 0.5 m to 5 m. It is installed in the
liquid line between the condenser and evaporator. A small filter drier is
used on some system to provide additional freeze-up application. In its
operation, the liquid refrigerant from the condenser enter the capillarity
tube due to friction resistance offered by small diameter tube, the pressure
drops since the frictional resistance is directly proportional to the length
and inversely proportional to the diameter, therefore longer the capillary
tube and smaller its inside diameter, greater is the pressure drop created in
the refrigerant flow. In other words, greater pressure difference between
the condenser and the evaporators needed forgiven flow rate of refrigerant.
Main Components of an Ice Plant
CAPILLARY TUBE
Main Components of an Ice Plant
CHILLING TANK (BRINE TANK)
The main components of chilling tank are : ice tank, insulation of ice tank and ice
block. Ice tanks are made of material such as wood, steel or concrete. As wooden
tanks do not last long enough and are liable to leak, chilling tanks are usually made
of steel or reinforced concrete.
The tank contains the direct expansion coils, equally distributed throughout the tank
and these coils are submerged in brine. The tank is provided with a suitable frame to
the ice cans and a propeller or agitator for keeping the brine in motion: the brine in
the tank acts as a medium of contact only, the refrigerant evaporating in the ice coils
extracts the heat from the brine, which again absorbs the heat for the water in the
cans.
The tank itself should not be much larger than is necessary to hold the cans, the
coils, and the agitator. Commercial sizes of Ice cans vary with the weight of ice cakes
required. The cans are made to contain about 5% more than their rated capacity to
compensate for thawing.
Main Components of an Ice Plant
CHILLING TANK
Main Components of an Ice Plant
Ice Plant Auxiliaries
Receiver
Filter Drier
Suction Accumulator
Oil Separators
Ice Plant Auxiliaries
RECEIVER
A liquid receiver will be required if it is
necessary to temporarily store refrigerant
charge within the system, or to
accommodate the excess refrigerant
arising from changing operating
conditions. The total refrigerant charge
required in a circuit will vary with different
operating loads and ambient, and must be
sufficient at all times so that only liquid
enters the expansion valve. A receiver
requires a minimum operating charge
which adds to overall charge and cost, and
also increases system complexity. Hence
receivers are avoided on many smaller
systems.
Ice Plant Auxiliaries
FILTER DRYER
The function of filter dryer is to remove
any physical material from compressors
wear and tear, and remove any moisture
presence within an air conditioning
system. The Drier is made up of a metal
outer container and inside there is a
desiccant (moisture removal material) and
strainer. Refrigerant passes through the
drier and give up any moisture as well as
any unwanted matter. The main job of the
drier is to protect the metering device
from clogging either by Ice (moisture) or
blockage by particles.
Ice Plant Auxiliaries
SUCTION ACCUMULATOR
Suction line accumulators are
sometimes inserted in halocarbon
circuits, to serve the purpose of
separating return liquid and prevent it
passing over to the compressor. Since
this liquid will be carrying oil, and this oil
must be returned to the compressor, the
outlet pipe within the separator dips to
the bottom of this vessel and has a small
bleed hole, to suck the oil out.
Ice Plant Auxiliaries
OIL SEPARATOR
During the compression stroke of a
reciprocating machine, the gas becomes
hotter and some of the oil on the cylinder
wall will pass out with the discharge gas.
Some oil carry-over will occur with all
lubricated compressor types, and in small
self-contained systems it quickly finds its
way back to the compressor. Start up after
a long idle period can result in a large
amount of oil carryover for a short period
due to foaming. With larger more complex
systems with remote evaporator oil, it is
desirable to fit an oil separator in the
discharge line to reduce carry-over to the
system.
Ice Plant Auxiliaries
AGITATOR
The propeller of the agitator is located in
the brine tank and the agitator motor
extends above the brine tank. Usually the
agitator is located at the opposite corner
of the brine tank from the accumulator.
The function of the agitator is to circulate
brine through the brine tank and raceway
The agitator consists of a propeller guide
vanes a vertically mounted motor and a
housing. The agitator motor drives the
propeller which circulates brine by
drawing it from around the evaporator
and discharging it by the ice cans. The
agitator must be operated whenever the
plant is in operation .
Ice Plant Auxiliaries
ICE CANS
Ice cans are made of galvanized steel and
are tapered from the bottom to facilitate
ice removal. Ice cans usually contain from
50 to 300 pound ice blocks. Often two or
even four ice cans are fastened together
so that two or four ice cans may be
removed from the brine tank in one
operation
Ice Plant Auxiliaries
CAN FILLERS
Can fillers are used to facilitate filling of ice cans with water. Small plants
use a portable can filler that is connected to the water supply by a hose.
The can filler is inserted in an ice can and water flows into the can. A float
valve which is part of the can filler stops flow of water into the ice can
when water reaches the proper level. Large ice plants use wall mounted
can fillers. These can fillers are located over a can dump and are used to fill
ice cans just after ice has been removed from the cans. A wall mounted can
filler consists of one or more tanks depending on the number of ice cans in
a group a float valve to regulate the amount of water in the tanks and an
operating lever which controls flow of water from the can filler into the ice
cans. The lever also acts to shut off the float valve so that the can filler will
not begin to fill until the lever is released. Can fillers in large ice plants are
automatic
Ice Plant Auxiliaries
CAN DUMPS
Can dumps are used to facilitate removal of ice from ice cans Ice cans are
placed in the can dump while it is in a vertical position. The can dump is
then pushed to a horizontal position and ice slides out of the cans and
down an ice chute to the storage room. The can dump is so balanced that
when ice blocks slide out of the can it returns to a vertical position. In
some plants, ice is dipped in a dip tank to loosen it in ice cans. In some
installations, a method for loosening ice in ice cans is incorporated directly
in the can dump. When the can dump is pushed to a horizontal position, a
spray of water is directed on the ice cans until ice loosens in the cans and
slides down the ice chute. Water supply stops when the can dump returns
to a vertical position
Ice Plant Auxiliaries
DIP TANK
A dip tank is used to loosen ice in the ice cans when this function is not
accomplished by a can dump. The dip tank contains warm water which
melts the ice sufficiently to loosen it in the cans. A dip tank water heater
keeps the temperature of the water in the dip tank within a range where it
will loosen ice in the ice cans effectively. This heater which is of the shell
and tube type is installed in the discharge line between compressor and
condenser. A dip tank water heater serves to heat water in the dip tank,
cool discharge gas before it enters the condenser and separate oil out of
ammonia gas.
Ice Plant Auxiliaries
ICE CHUTE
The ice chute which is located between the ice plant and storage room
consists of a reinforced wall frame with a counterweighted swinging door
and an inclined ramp. The chute acts as guide to receive ice dumped from
ice cans and facilitates movement of ice into the storage room. The
swinging door is usually lined with a canvas seal to prevent transfer of heat
from ice plant to storage room.
Ice Plant Auxiliaries
HOISTS
Hoists are used to raise ice cans from the brine tank and to convey filled
cans to the can dump. In small ice plants truck hoists are generally used. A
truck hoist has wheels and a manual hoisting mechanism. In most large ice
plants electric cross mounted joists are used Intermediate size plants may
use manually operated cross mounted lifting hoists.
Ice Plant Auxiliaries
COOLING TOWER
Cooling towers are used to cool water from water cooled condensers and
water cooled compressors of ice plants. Cooling towers are incorporated in
ice plants so that water can be recirculated rather than disposed of. Natural
draft cooling towers are usually mounted on the roof of the ice plant where
they can make use of prevailing winds. Water is circulated through natural
draft cooling towers at a rate of approximately 5 gallons per minute per ton
of refrigeration required. Mechanical draft towers are usually installed
outdoors but may be installed indoors if a duct system is provided. Water is
circulated through mechanical draft cooling towers at a rate of
approximately 3 gallons per minute per ton of refrigeration required.
BRINE
A brine is any liquid cooled by the refrigerant and used for the transmission of
heat without a change in its state, having no flash point above 65 as
determined by the ASTM.
Water solutions of calcium chloride and sodium chloride are the most common
refrigeration brines.
BRINE
Brines of low density freeze around evaporator coils and may damage or reduce
efficiency of the evaporator. Specific gravity calcium chloride brines should not
be less than 1.20 and not more than 1.24 at 60 F. Calcium chloride brines with
specific gravities between these two limits have freezing points varying from 7.0
F to 21.5 F. The exact specific gravity of brine that should be maintained is
dependent on temperature of the refrigerant in evaporator coils. This
temperature is the saturation temperature of the refrigerant at suction pressure
for which the system was designed to operate. Freezing temperature of the
brine must be several degrees below temperature of the refrigerant in
evaporator coils. Brine temperature must be read daily as a precautionary
measure so that freezing of brine at the evaporator coils can be detected .
ICE PLANT OPERATION
ICE PLANT OPERATION
ICE PLANT INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
1.) TESTING FOR AMMONIA LEAKS
Ammonia has a disagreeable and pungent odor. A small leak is readily noticed. To
locate an ammonia leak the following procedures are recommended:
a) Use of reagents. Detector reagents such as sulfur taper sensitive paper caustic
soda and Nessler's solution are satisfactory to detect ammonia leaks. The
suitability of various reagents to test for ammonia leaks depends on conditions
under which the leak may occur.
b) Use of soap suds. To prepare soap suds for testing use a soap and water solution
of about the consistency of liquid hand soap which will lather freely or work up a
lather on a brush by rubbing the wetted brush on a cake of soap. A few drops of
glycerine added to the solution will cause lather to remain wet longer. When
applying soap suds paint soap lather completely around a joint and examine the
joint thoroughly for bubbles. When the joint is located so that a part of it is not
visible use a pocket mirror. It will sometimes take a full minute or more for
bubbles to appear at a small leak. Questionable spots should be covered with
lather and reexamined
ICE PLANT INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
2.) SERVICING AMMONIA LEAKS
For leakage at valve bonnet stuffing boxes, pull up turn clockwise the stuffing box
gland gradually.
For leakage at cylinder head or flange gaskets, tighten flange bolts gradually and
equally all way around.
For bad leaks that have filled the space with ammonia fumes, first put a gas mask on
then try to get ventilation with fans to blow the fumes to open air. Location of the
leak will generally be indicated by a hissing sound from escaping
If liquid ammonia has escaped and is on the floor, play a stream of water on it to
absorb the escaping ammonia. Close the valve before and after the section where
the leak has occurred. Apply a torch for cutting welding or for making other repairs
only after the affected section has been thoroughly pumped out.
ICE PLANT INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
3.) PUMPING OUT COMPONENTS
Sizable components must be pumped out before they are removed from the system
to prevent loss of ammonia or contamination of the area.
a) Evaporator. During normal plant operation, the compressor is trying to pump
out the evaporator. However, liquid refrigerant is constantly being supplied to the
evaporator to replace the gas that is being exhausted from it. To pump out the
evaporator, close the valve that admits liquid refrigerant to the evaporator and
run the compressor as in normal operation until a vacuum of at least 26 inches is
obtained.
b) Condenser. To pump out the condenser, close the valves that allow liquid
refrigerant to pass from the condenser to the evaporator and allow the
evaporator to pump out slightly then stop the compressor. Drain water from the
condenser tubes. Close the discharge and suction shutoff valves at the
compressor and open the discharge and suction bypass valves. This allows the
compressor to reverse its action and create a suction in the line to the
condenser. Start the compressor and pump a 15 inch vacuum in the condenser.
Stop the compressor when the compressor comes to rest close the discharge
and suction bypass valves.
ICE PLANT INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
4.) NORMAL OPERATION
Observe all components of the ice plant for normal operation Investigate unusual
noises vibrations and odors during operation
Check the compressor and shaft seals for signs of gasket or seal failures. Replace any
defective shaft seal or gasket. Check oil level and observe condition of the oil.
Replace contaminated oil with ammonia compressor oil only. Fill the crank case to
proper level when necessary.
Proper operation of the compressor can best be judged by listening to the sound of
the compressor while it is operating. Leaky rings and leaky valves in the compressor
cause noticeably and abnormally high discharge temperatures. For example assume
that condenser pressure is 185 psi as indicated on the discharge pressure gage. At
this pressure temperature of saturated ammonia is 96F which also is indicated on
the discharge pressure gage.
ICE PLANT INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
12.) REFRIGERANT PIPING ASCCESORIES
Check to see if the float valve of the oil separator is draining the oil separator
properly. If not adjust the float or repair the valve as required. Replace defective
parts. Remove clean and replace filter elements located in recesses of the
compressor housing. Replace the screen if found defective.
Clean or replace the filter element of the ammonia strainer located between the
condenser and float regulator. Check the efficiency of compressor suction and
discharge valves by recording the maximum vacuum obtainable. Check the operation
and setting of the high pressure relief valve located on the condenser and the low
pressure relief valve located above the accumulator. Replace defective cartridges.
ICE PLANT INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
13.) WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
Check water supply and drain systems of cooling tower water pump, condenser,
compressor, can filler, can dump, and brine tank for leaks tightness of fittings and
proper operation of water gate valves. Tighten fittings repair defective valves and
replace defective segments of piping.
ICE PLANT INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
14.) WATER-COOLED CONDENSER
a) Performance Test
An overall check for condenser performance may be used to indicate condition of
the condensing. To obtain an overall check for condenser performance proceed as
follows. Make preliminary preparations to the system. Read the condensing
temperature that corresponds with pressure in the condenser. Read the
temperature of the water leaving the condenser. Then subtract the temperature of
the water leaving the condenser from the condensing temperature obtained above.
Temperature of the water leaving the condenser will be several degrees below the
condensing temperature of pure ammonia This temperature difference is affected by
the amount of condensing surface per ton of refrigeration by the condition of the
condensing surface and by the presence of noncon densable gases Therefore
condenser performance should be checked when load conditions are known and
when the condenser is known to be clean and free of non condensable gases and
results used as a measure of good performance.
ICE PLANT INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
14.) WATER-COOLED CONDENSER
Clean the water distribution basin on top of the cooling tower. Make sure
that the holes in the splash box are not clogged. Check water distribution
over the wooden fill pieces. Check piping and fittings for water leaks. Check
float valve operation to see that it opens when water level in the float basin
falls below a predetermined level and closes when water level reaches a
predetermined level. If the float valve does not open and close properly
adjust the valve. If adjustment cannot be made, replace with a new float
valve. See that overflow pipes in the steel distribution basin and in the float
box are in good condition Replace defective wooden fill pieces. Do not nail.
Check for presence of algae formations.
ICE PLANT INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
16.) CAN FILLER
Check operation of the can filler float valve. Clean the float valve when it
becomes clogged. Replace any punctured float ball. Adjust the float valve by
trial and error so that the can filler fills ice cans to a level approximately 3
inches from the top. If the float valve cannot be adjusted or is defective,
replace the valve .
17.) AGITATOR
Check the agitator for noisy operation or vibration. Lubricate motor and shaft
bearings as required. Replace defective bearings. Check the agitator coupling for
proper alignment. If deposits of calcium chloride appear on any parts, soak the parts
in a cleaning solvent such as alcohol until the deposit dissolves. Any deposits left on
the impeller will greatly impair its efficiency. Before the agitator is installed in the
brine tank, check clearance between the agitator impeller and lower shaft bearing To
do this bolt the motor to its base butt motor and agitator shafts together and tighten
setscrews in the coupling. Then place a pry bar under the shaft coupling and force
the motor rotor to its highest position. The top bearing grease cup must be filled
with grease and given a turn every day .
ICE PLANT INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
18.) ICE CANS
Check ice cans for corrosion. Clean as required. Check ice can covers for
loose fits and warped boards. Repair or replace as required.