Hybrid Simulation and Testing of structures exposed to fire

Hybrid Simulation
Open Sees
Open Fresco
Case-1
Case-2
Case-3
Case-4
Future Plan

Hybrid Testing:
Benchmark problem-1
Benchmark Problem-2
Benchmark Problem-3
 Hybrid Testing

Model the well understood parts of a structure in a finite element program on one or more
computers.

Leave the modelling or construction of the highly nonlinear parts of the structure in one or more
computers or laboratories.

Can be considered as a conventional finite element analysis where physical models of some
portions of the structure are embedded in the numerical model.
 Required Components

Discrete FE model of the structure to be analysed, including the static and dynamic loading
Servo-hydraulic control system with actuators
Physical test specimen, including a reaction-frame
Data acquisition system with instrumentation
 Advantages
Hybrid simulation is more realistic than a test, where a predetermined load sequence is defined to estimate the
behaviour of single component under a given loading.

A hybrid model of a full structure involving a standard fire test on a specific component can provide meaningful
information about the behaviour of a full structure exposed to fire and other mechanical loads.

It also enables parametric tests of different structural configurations, which is too costly for full-scale experimental
studies.
What is OpenFresco?

Open source Framework for Experimental Setup and

Control

Secure, object oriented, network enabled middleware

-- Pairs computer analysis software with laboratory control systems

and other software to enable hybrid and collaborative computing
OpenFresco Components

Represents the part of the structure that is physically tested

Stores data

Transforms between the experimental element DOF and actuator DOF

Interfaces to the different control systems in the laboratories

 Case-1

The steel moment resisting frame subassembly is analysed in the Slave FE-software with Displacement beam column
elements.
The column exposed to fire (800 Degree Celsius) is analysed in the master FE-software with Displacement beam
column thermal elements.
The moment resisting frame is connected to the column through one interface node.
1 Node Adapter Element is defined in Slave Structure, 1 Node Super element is defined in master structure.
Results case-1
 Case - 2

The steel moment resisting frame subassembly is analysed in the Slave FE-software with Displacement beam
column thermal elements.
The column is analysed in the master FE-software with Shell Elements.
The moment resisting frame is connected to the column through one interface node.
1 Node Adapter Element is defined in Slave Structure, 1 Node Super element is defined in master structure.
Case-3

Column having I-Section is modelled with thermal shell elements and exposed to uniform temperature of 800
degree Celsius.
Rest of the structure is modelled as Displacement beam column element.
7 Node Adapter element and 7 Node Super element are defined in Slave and master assembly respectively.

Slave Node Master Node

0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
0 0
Case-4
Beam having I-Section is modelled with thermal shell elements and exposed to uniform temperature of 800
degree Celsius.
Rest of the structure is modelled as Displacement beam column element.
6 Node Adapter element and 6 Node Super element are defined in Slave and master assembly respectively.

Beam With Shell Elements

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
-2

-4

-6

-8

-10

-12

-14

-16

-18

-20
Shel l wi thframe Si ngl es hel l
Future Plan:

Develop a J2 Plasticity thermal material for shell elements.

Perform simulation with cellular beams with shell elements so as to show local web buckling.

Verify the experiments performed for hybrid Testing.

Benchmark Problem-1 with one DOF

Simply Supported beam is modelled numerically.

SSB can be replaced with a portal frame.
Vertical element is tested in laboratory and exposed to fire.
Both are connected to each other at single node.
1 DOF is required for both to interact.
Benchmark Problem-2 with two DOF
Benchmark Problem-3 with Three DOF

Requirement to perform Experiments

Single degree of freedom Experiments can be performed at Brunel University.

Two DOF experiments may be performed with collaboration to following universities.

1) IIT Roorkee India

2) Tongji University
3) The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Thank You