FERTILIZATION

KELOMPOK 3
1. Eka Mauliya
2. Sandra Desiana
3. Indriani Candra D
 DEFINITION

Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling difference),

also as generative fertilisation, conception, fecundation,
and impregnation is the fusion of gametes to initiate
the development of a new individual organism. In
animals, the process involves the fusion of an ovum
with sperm, which first cretes a zygote and then leads
to development of a embryo. Depending on the animal
species, the process can occur with in the body of the
female in internal fertilization, or outside (external
fertilization). External fertilization excample a fish and
frog.
 Human Fertilization
Human fertilization is the union of a human egg and sperm, usually occurring
in the ampula of the fallopian tube.The result of this union is the production
of a zygote cell, or fertilized egg, initiating prenatal development. Scientists
discovered the dynamics of human fertilization in the nineteenth century.
The acrosome reaction for a sea urchin, similiar
process. Note that the picture shows several stages
of one and the same spermatozon only one
penetrates
the ovum
Anatomy
The process of fertilization
involves a sperm fusing with
an ovum. The most common
sequence begins with
ejaculation during covulation,
follows with ovulation, and
finishes with fertilization.
Following ovulation, as the ovum is
extruded from the graafian follicle, it is
surrounded by a ring of zona
pellucida, and corona radiata. These
the structures increase the bulk of the
ovum, facilitating its migration to the
uterus.
 The ovum and surroundings cells
are propelled, into the fallopian tube
by the fimbriae, the fine, hair like
structures that line the openings of
the fallopian tubes.
Only one ovum reaches maturity a month, a normal
ejaculation of semen averages 2,5 ml of fluid containing 50
to 200 million spermatozoa per ml. To promote the
possibillity of sperm reacheng the ovum, there is reduction in
the viscosity of cervical mucus at the time of ovulation.
Spermatozoa deposited in the
vagina reaches the cervix of uterus
with in 90 second after deposition
ant the outet end of the fallopian
tube in 5 minutes. The functional life
of spermatozoa is 48 hours.
Spermatozoa move by mean of their
flagella (tail) and uterine contraction
through the cervix, body of uterus
toward the waiting ovum. All the
spermatozoa the reaches the ovum
cluster around the ovum is protective
layer of corona cells
Hyaluronidase (a proteolytic
enzyme) is released by the
spermatozoa which actc to
dissolve the layer of cells
protecting the ovum. Next to the
procces penetration.
Only one spermatozoa is able to penetrate
the cell membrane of the ovum. After it has
done, cell membrane becomes impervious
to other spermatozoa. Next , after
penetration the chromosomal material of
the ovum and spermatozoa fuse and the
structure is called zygote.
 Referensi
Dorland, W.A. 2014. KAMUS SAKU KEDOKTERAN
DORLAND . (Edisi 28). Jakarta: EGC, 2011.
http://www.sridianti.com/pengertian-dan-proses-
fertilisasi.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org//wiki/corona_radiata_(emry
ology) di akses pada 24 desember 2016
https://en.m.wikipedia.org//wiki/Human_Fertilization
diakses 25 desember 2016
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/shenell/fertilization-
and-pregnancy-1