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Iegmubetter
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Creative-Productive-Efficient 1
Manajemen
Seni dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan melalui orang
lain [M.P. Follet]
Proses perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan,
dan pengawasan usaha-usaha para anggota
organisasi dan penggunaan sumberdaya organisasi
untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi [Stoner]
Manajemen sebagai
Ilmu dan Seni;
Profesi
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Kenapa Butuh Manajemen
Untuk mencapai tujuan.
Untuk menyeimbangkan tujuan-tujuan yang
saling bertentangan.
Untuk mencapai efektivitas dan efisiensi.
Peter Drucker:
Effective: Doing the right things
Efficient: Doing things right
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What Is a Managers Responsibility?
Manager
The individual responsible for achieving
organizational objectives through efficient and
effective utilization of resources.
The Managers Resources
Human, financial, physical, and informational
Performance
Means of evaluating how effectively and efficiently
managers use resources to achieve objectives.
Today often means How as well as What
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What Do Managers Do?
Management Functions (Different Scope at job level)
Planning
Setting objectives and determining in advance exactly (?) how
the objectives will be met.
Monitor for Change and Anticipate or React
PDCA Plan Do Check - Act
Organizing
Delegating and coordinating tasks and allocating resources to
achieve objectives.
Leading
Influencing employees to work toward achieving objectives.
Setting an Example (Shadow of the Leader)
Controlling
Establishing and implementing mechanisms to ensure that
objectives are achieved.
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Tingkatan Manajemen
First-Line Manager
Crew Leader Manajemen Operatif:
Foremen Pengarahan dengan
Supervisor
memotivasi, supervisi,
dan komunikasi.
Middle Manager
Department head
Sales manager
Superintendent
Top Manager
General Manager
Director Manajemen Administratif:
President Director Penentuan Tujuan, Perencanaan,
Vice President Pengorganisasian, Penyusunan
Personalia, dan Pengawasan.
CEO
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Types of Managers
General Managers
Supervise the activities of several departments.
Functional Managers
Supervise the activities of related tasks.
Common functional areas:
Marketing/Sales/Product Development
Operations/Production/Services Delivery
Finance/Accounting
Human Resources/personnel management
Infrastructure (IT, Real Estate, Legal)
Project Managers
Coordinate employees across several functional departments to
accomplish a specific task.
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Non-Management
Individual Contributors (ICs)
Non-management operative employees
Workers in the organization who are
supervised by first-line managers.
Professionals/Specialists/Technicians
(Knowledge Workers)
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Manajer Fungsional
Manajer yang mengelola satu fungsi, misal:
Manajer Pemasaran
Manajer Personalia
Manajer Produksi
Manajer R&D
Manajer Keuangan
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Example of Management Levels and
Functional Areas
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Ketrampilan Manajer
Conceptual skills and Decision Making
Kemampuan koordinasi dan integrasi kepentingan dan
kegiatan organisasi serta pengambilan keputusan.
Human skills
Untuk membangun partisipasi
Administrative skills
Perluasan ketrampilan konseptual
Technical skills
Penguasaan alat, prosedur, dan teknik-teknik tertentu.
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Soal:
Masuk kategori ketrampilan manajemen apa?
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Sejarah Manajemen
1870-1930: Manajemen Ilmiah
F.W. Taylor
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
H. Gantt
H. Emerson
1900-1940: Teori Organisasi Klasik
H. Fayol
J.D. Mooney
M.P. Follett
H. Simon
C.I. Banard
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Sejarah Manajemen
1930-1940: Hubungan Manusiawi
Hawthorne Studies
Elton Mayo
Fritz Roethlisberger
Hugo Munsterberg
1940-Sekarang: Manajemen Modern
A. Maslow
C. Argyris
D. McGregor
E. Schien
D. McCleland
R. Blake & J. Mouton
E. Dale
Peter Drucker
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Manajemen Ilmiah: H. Emerson
Tujuan dirumuskan dengan jelas
Kegiatan masuk akal
Staf yang cakap
Disiplin
Balas jasa yang adil
Laporan terpercaya, segera, akurat, dan ajeg.
Perintah-perencanaan-dan pengurutan kerja
Standar dan jadwal
Kondisi, operasi, dan instruksi yang standar
Insentif efisiensi
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Hubungan Manusiawi: H.
Munsterberg
Peningkatan produktivitas:
1. Penemuan best possible person
2. Penciptaan best possible work
3. Penggunaan best possible effect untuk
memotivasi karyawan.
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Manajemen Modern:
Contingency approaches
The main proposition in contingency
approaches is that the effectiveness of a
given leadership style is contingent on the
situation, implying that certain leader
behaviors will be effective in some situations
but not in others.
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Management History
F Taylor:
Give me your hands
Tom Peters:
Give me your hands and your head
Searching for efficiency!!!!
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New Workplace Issues and Challenges
[Lussier, 2006, Management Fundamentals]
Knowledge Management
Involves everyone in an organization in sharing knowledge
and applying it to continuously improve products and
processes.
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New Workplace Issues and Challenges
[Lussier, 2006, Management Fundamentals]
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New Workplace Issues and Challenges
[Lussier, 2006, Management Fundamentals]
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Tugas
Pelajari pemikiran tokoh-tokoh manajemen.
Susun paper maksimal 15 lembar yang berisi
tentang komparasi minimal 2 pemikiran
tokoh-tokoh manajemen dari dua wilayah,
misal Asia, Eropa, Amerika.
Didiskusikan dan dikumpulkan paling lambat:
Kamis depan.
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