Camillo, Rosselle C.

Casurao, Rey
 are large class of natural and
synthetic chemicals that contain
one or more halogens (fluorine,
chlorine, bromine, or iodine)
combined with carbon and other
elements.
 Physical
Physical Properties
Properties of Organic
of Organic Halides Halides
Solubility
All organic halides are insoluble in water and soluble in common organic
solvents (benzene, ethers, etc.).
The boiling point
The boiling point of the organic halide increase, as the size of the halogen
increase (molecular wt). Therefore, the boiling points increases in the order
F<Cl<Br<I
CH3F CH3Cl
(Mol wt= 34; bp = -78C) (Mol wt= 50.5; bp = -24C)
CH3Br CH3I
(Mol wt= 95; bp = 4C) (Mol wt= 142; bp = 42C)
Within a homologous serious the boiling point also increase regularly
with molecular weight. For example,
CH3Cl CH3CH2Cl CH3CH2CH3Cl
(bp = -24C) (bp = 12C) (bp = 74C)
As expected, within a series of isomers, the straight-chain compounds has
the highest boiling points, and the most branched isomer the lowest boiling
point.
CH3

CH3CH2CH2CH2Br H3C C CH3

Br
 Note that:
Alkyl halides have higher melting points than
alkanes, alkenes &
alkynes because of:

1. Polarity
2. Molecular weight
Preparation of Halogen Compounds
The main methods for preparing organic chlorides, bromides and Iodides are
Summarized here. All these reactions have been discussed in previous chapters.
1- Direct halogenation of hydrocarbons
a- Halogenation of alkanes
UV or heat
RH + X2 RX + HX (X = Cl, Br)

b- Halogenation of alkenes
1. H2C CHCH2R + X
2
UV or heat HC CHCHR + HX
2
X

2. H2 C CHCH2R + X2 CCl4
H2 C CHCH2R
 Preparation of Halogen Compounds
Preparation of Halogen Compounds
The main methods for preparing organic chlorides, bromides and Iodides are
Summarized here. All these reactions have been discussed in previous chapters.
1- Direct halogenation of hydrocarbons
a- Halogenation of alkanes
UV or heat
RH + X2 RX + HX (X = Cl, Br)

b- Halogenation of alkenes
1. H2C CHCH2R + X2 UV or heat H C CHCHR + HX
2
X

2. H2 C CHCH2R + X2 CCl4
H2 C CHCH2R
X X
Halogenation of alkynes

UV or heat
1. HC C CH2R + X2 HC C CHR + HX
X
X X
CCl4
2. HC C CH2R + 2X2 H C C CH2R
X X

X
3. HC C CH2R + 2 HX CCl4 H C C CH R
3 2

X
(X = Cl, Br, I)
 Halogenation of aromatic ring and alkyl benzenes

X
1. X2 FeX3
+ + HX

CH2R CHXR
UV or heat
2. + X2 + HX