CHE 33

Problem 11.3-2

A mixture of 100 kg mol which contains 60% mol n-pentane(A) and

40 mol % n-heptane (B) is vaporized at 101.32 kPa pressure under
differential conditions until 40 kg mol are distilled. Use equilibrium
data from Example 11.3-2.
a. What is the average composition of the total vapor distilled and
the composition of the remaining liquid?
b. If this same vaporization is done in an equilibrium or flash
distillation and 40 kg mol are distilled, what is the composition of
the vapor distilled and of the remaining liquid?
 Equilibrium Data of n-pentane

X Y

1 1
0.867 0.984
0.594 0.925
0.398 0.836
0.254 0.701
0.145 0.521
0.059 0.271
0 0
 Differential Distillation vs Flash Distillation

Differential Distillation
liquid is first charge to a heated kettle. The liquid
charged is boiled slowly and the vapors (distillate) is
collected.
The first portion of vapor condensed will be richest in the
more volatile component (A). As vaporization proceeds,
the vaporized product becomes leaner in A.
 Differential Distillation vs Flash Distillation

Flash Distillation

The liquid mixture is partially vaporized. The

vapor is allowed to come to equilibrium with
the liquid, and the vapor and liquid are then
separated.
Differential Distillation
At some time:
L - dL
x- dx
Component of A balance:
xL = (x-dx)(L-dL) + ydL
xL=xL- xdL - Ldx + dxdL + ydL

=

1 1

=
2 2

1
1
= RAYLEIGH EQUATION
2 2


=

0.6
100
=
60 2

0.6
0.5108 =
2
Trapezoidal method:
Equilibrium Data of n-pentane
X Y

1 1
0.867 0.984
0.594 0.925
0.398 0.836
0.254 0.701
0.145 0.521
0.059 0.271
0 0
n-pentane equilibrium data
x y 1/(y-X)
1 1 0
0.867 0.984 8.547008547
0.594 0.925 3.021148036
0.398 0.836 2.283105023
0.254 0.701 2.237136465
0.145 0.521 2.659574468
0.059 0.271 4.716981132
0 0 0
 9
n-pentane
8

6
1/(Y-X)

0
0 0.2 0.4 X 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
 5
4.5
4
3.5
3
1/(y-x)

2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

X
 9
y = 20.241x - 9.0022
8
7
6
1/(y-x)

5
4
y = 10.136x2 - 6.2896x + 3.1807
3
2
y = 102.81x2 - 44.896x + 7.008
1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
X
X 1/(y-x) area of trapezoid sum
0.6 3.1424 0
0.58 3.013394 0.061557939 0.061558
0.56 2.837174 0.058505675 0.120064
0.54 2.739974 0.055771472 0.175835
0.52 2.650882 0.05390856 0.229744
0.5 2.5699 0.052207824 0.281951
0.48 2.497026 0.050669264 0.332621
0.46 2.432262 0.04929288 0.381914
0.44 2.375606 0.048078672 0.429992
0.42 2.327058 0.04702664 0.477019
0.41 2.305826 0.02316442 0.500183
0.405 2.295969 0.011504487 0.511688
0.4 2.28662 0.022962228 0.53465
Thus

XA2 = 0.405
XB2 = 1-0.405
XB2 = 0.595
Solving for YA2

100 (0.6) = 40 (YA2) + 60(0.405)

YA2 = 0.89
YB2 = 1-0.89
YB2 =0.11
If this same vaporization is done in an equilibrium or
flash distillation and 40 kg mol are distilled, what is the
composition of the vapor distilled and of the
remaining liquid?
 n-pentane Equilibrium Curve
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Y

0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

X
Component A balance:

100(0.60) = 40(YA2) + 60(XA2)

Working eqn: 100(0.60) = 40(YA2) + 60(XA2)

Trial #1
Assume : XA2 = 0.6

100(0.60) = 40 (YA2) + 60(0.6)

YA2= 0.6
 Working eqn : 100(0.60) = 40(YA2) + 60(XA2)

Trial #2:
Assume: Xa2=0.5
100(0.6) = 40(YA2) + 60(0.5)
YA2= 0.75
 Working eqn: 100(0.60) = 40(YA2) + 60(XA2)

Trial #3:
Assume: XA2=0.4

100(0.60)=40(YA2) + 60(0.4)

YA2= 0.9
 n-pentane Equilibrium Curve
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Y

0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
X
The point of intersection
XA= 0.43
100(0.60)=40(YA2) + 60(0.43)
YA2= 0.855