AWS100 Ch08 Results

Chapter Eight
Results Postprocessing
Chapter Overview Training Manual
In this chapter, aspects of reviewing results will be
ANSYS Workbench Simulation

covered:
A. Viewing Results
B. Scoping Results
C. Exporting Results
D. Coordinate Systems & Directional Results
E. Solution Combinations
F. Stress Singularities
G. Error Estimation
H. Convergence
The capabilities described in this section are applicable to

all ANSYS licenses, except when noted otherwise
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A. Viewing Results Training Manual
When selecting a results branch, the Context toolbar displays

ways of viewing results:
Legend Settings Min/Max Probe Tool
Displacement Scaling Display Method Contour Settings Outline Display Slice Planes
Export AVI
Animation Controls
Vector Display Controls

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Displacement Scaling Training Manual
For structural analyses (static, modal, buckling),

the deformed shape can be changed
By default, the scaling is automatically exaggerated
to visualize the structural response more clearly
The user can change to undeformed or actual deformation
No Displacement Scaling Automatic Displacement Scaling

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Legend Controls Training Manual

Color/Position/Size
Auto Select
Selectors
Enter maximum/minimum Reset
legend value or allow auto
selection
Enter maximum/minimum
range for contours
Contour number
selector
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Display Method Training Manual
The Geometry button controls the contour

display method. Four choices are possible:
Exterior IsoSurfaces
Exterior is the default

display option and is
most commonly used.
IsoSurfaces is useful
to display regions with
the same contour value.
Capped IsoSurfaces
will remove regions of
the model where the
Capped IsoSurfaces Slice Planes contour values are
above (or below) a
specified value.
Slice Planes allow a
user to cut through the
model visually. A
capped slice plane is
also available, as shown
on the left.
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Contour Settings Training Manual
The Contours button controls the way in

which contours are shown on the model
Smooth Contours Contour Bands
Isolines Solid Fill
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Outline Display Training Manual
The Edges button allows the user show the

undeformed geometry or mesh
No Wireframe Show Undeformed Wireframe
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Show Undeformed Model Show Elements 8-8
Slice Planes Training Manual
When in Slice Plane viewing mode, slice planes

can be added and edited
To add a slice plane, simply select the Draw Slice Plane icon,
then click-drag with the left mouse across the Graphics
window. The path created will define the slice plane.
To edit a slice plane, select the Edit Planes icon. The
defined planes will have a handle in the Graphics window.
Drag the handle to move the slice plane
Click on one side of the bar to show capped slice display
Select the handle, then hit the Delete key to remove plane
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Handles of 3 defined slice planes Move a slice plane by dragging handle Click on one side of bar to cap view 8-9
Min/Max and Probe Training Manual
The min/max symbols can be removed by selecting

the Maximum and Minimum buttons
Results can be queried on the model by selecting the
Probe button
Left-mouse click to add an annotation of the value being
queried on the model.
Use the Label button to select and delete unwanted
annotations
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. . . Probe Tool Training Manual
The Probe object (previous page) allows

users to annotate a result at a particular
location on a contour plot
The Probe Tool allows you to scope a result
object to a location and make that result
parametric
The Probe tool can be scoped to geometry
or located using a coordinate system
The orientation of the result item can be
with respect to global or local coordinate
systems
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. . . Probe Tool Training Manual
Probe Tool example:

Local coordinate system defined as
shown
Probe tool located at local CS
Stress results (all) requested
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Animation Controls Training Manual
The animation toolbar allows user to play, pause, and stop animations

Note: animations are accessed via the tab at the bottom of the graphics
screen
Start/Stop/Pause Control resolution and speed
Distributed animation interpolates results

while results sets animates only solution Export video
points. (avi) file
Note: pause feature available

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Alerts Training Manual
Alerts are simple ways of check to see if a scalar

result quantity satisfies a criterion
Alerts can be used on most contour results except for vector
results, Contact Tool results, and Shape Finder
Simply highlight that result branch RMB and insert an Alert
In the Details view, specify the criterion
In the Outline tree, a green checkmark indicates

that the criterion is satisfied. A red exclamation
mark indicates that the criterion was not satisfied.
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Manipulating the Legend Training Manual

For exterior contour plots, the legend can
be manipulated to show result distributions Original Contour Legend
more clearly.
Modified Contour Legend

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Manipulating the Legend Training Manual

Capped IsoSurfaces are manipulated
by an independent controller
Icons allow isosurface, top or bottom
capped plots
The striped areas of the legend show
what values will not be displayed
The cap threshold can be controlled via
the slider or by typing the value directly
Capped/Top/Isosurface
Display
Threshold Controls
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Vector Plots Training Manual
Vector plots involve any result quantity with direction, such

as deformation, principal stresses/strains, and heat flux
Activate vectors for appropriate quantities using the vector
graphics icon
Once the vectors are visible their appearance can be modified

using the vector display controls (see next slide for examples)
Vector Length Control Vector Length Control
Proportional Vectors Equal Length Vectors Grid Aligned Element Aligned Line Form Solid Form
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Vector Plots Training Manual
Examples

Solid Form, Grid Aligned Line Form, Grid Aligned
Proportional Length Equal Length
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Multiple Viewports Training Manual
Using multiple viewports is especially useful for

postprocessing, where more than one result
can be viewed at the same time
Useful to compare multiple results, such as results from
different environments or multiple mode shapes
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Default Settings Training Manual
Under Tools > Options > Simulation: Graphics, the

default graphics settings can be changed.
This way, each user can make all results for new simulations
be displayed to his/her preference
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B. Scoping Results Training Manual
Sometimes, limiting the display of results is useful when

postprocessing
Scoping automatically scales the legend and only shows the
applicable surface(s) or part(s), making result viewing easier
Scoping results on edges produces a path plot, allowing users
to see detailed results along selected edges
Results scoping is very useful for convergence controls
(discussed later in this chapter)
When using Contact Tool, Simulation automatically scopes
contact results to contact regions.
Results scoping can be performed on any result item in the

Solution branch for any type of geometric quantity
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Scoping Surface/Part Results Training Manual
To scope contour results, simply do either of the following:

Select part(s) or surface(s), then request the result of interest
Select the result item, then click on Geometry in the Details
view. Select the part(s) or surface(s), then click on Apply
When this is performed, the Details view of the result item

will indicate that results will be shown only for the selected
items.
The displayed values will show non-selected surfaces/parts as
translucent.
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Scoping Surface/Part Results Training Manual
Some examples of scoping results on surfaces/parts:

Scoping results on a single part Stress results on selected surfaces
Vector Principal Stresses on single part
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Scoping Edge & Vertex Results Training Manual
Results can be scoped to a single edge

Select a single edge for results scoping
A path plot of the result mapped on the edge will be displayed
In a similar manner, results can also be scoped to a single

vertex. No contour results will be displayed since only a
vertex is present, but the value will reported in the Details
view for the selected vertex
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Renaming Scoped Results Training Manual
For scoped results, it is often useful to automatically

rename the result branch
Right-click on the result branch and select Rename Based on
Definition. The name will become more descriptive.
The result branch name is now more

descriptive, indicating it is a scoped
result on a given edge.
Renaming result branches is also
useful for directional results, as it will
change the name to the direction of the
stress or deformation or heat flux.
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C. Exporting Results Training Manual
Tabular data from Simulation can be exported to Excel for

further data manipulation
To export Worksheet tab information, do the following:
Select the branch and click on the Worksheet tab
Right-click the same branch and select Export
This can be used for Geometry, Contact, Environment,
Frequency Finder, Buckling, and Harmonic Worksheets
To export Contour Results

Right-click on the result branch of interest and select Export
This can be used for any result item of interest
Node numbers and result quantities will be exported
Exporting large amounts of data can take some CPU time
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Exporting Results Training Manual
Usually, for result items, the internal ANSYS node number

and result quantity will be output as shown below.
To include node locations, change this option under Tools
menu > Options > Simulation: Export
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Exporting Results Training Manual
For principal stresses and strains, additional information of

the orientation needs to be included when export to .XLS:
The generated Excel file will have 6 fields:
The first three correspond to the maximum, middle and minimum
principal quantities (stresses or strains).
The last three correspond to the ANSYS Euler angle sequence
(CLOCAL command in ANSYS) required to produce a coordinate
system whose X, Y and Z-axis are the directions of maximum,
middle and minimum principal quantities, respectively. This Euler
angle sequence is ThetaXY, ThetaYZ and ThetaZX and orients the
principal coordinate system relative to the global system.
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D. Coordinate Systems Training Manual
If coordinate systems are defined, a new item will be

displayed in the Details view of directional results:
As shown below, one can select from defined coordinate
systems. The selected coordinate system will define x-, y-,
and z-axes
Direction Deformation, Normal/Shear Stress/Strain, and
Directional Heat Flux can use coordinate systems
Principal stress/strain have their own angles associated with them
Other result items are scalars, so there are no directions
associated with it
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Coordinate Systems Training Manual
For the model shown below, one local

cylindrical coordinate system is defined
Note that displaying Deformation in the x-
direction in the global and local coordinate
systems will show different results.
If the user wants to see what is the radial
displacement at the larger hole, a local cylindrical coordinate
system allows to visualize this type of displacement.
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Deformation in Global X-Direction Deformation in Local Cylindrical X-Direction 8-30
E. Solution Combinations Training Manual
For ANSYS Professional licenses and above, the Solution

Combination branch can be added to the Model branch to
provide combinations of existing Environment branches
Solution combinations are only valid for linear static structural

analyses
Linear combinations are only valid if the analyses are linear
(Chapter 4)
Thermal-stress and other types of analyses are not supported
The supports must be the same between Environments for the
results to be valid. Only the loading can change to allow for
solution combinations
Solution combination calculations are very quick and do not
require a re-solve
ANSYS License Availability

DesignSpace Entra
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Structural x
Mechanical/Multiphysics x 8-31
Solution Combinations Training Manual
To perform solution combinations, do the following:

Add a Solution Combination branch. The Worksheet view will
appear
In the Worksheet view, add Environments and a coefficient
(multiplier). The solution combination will be the sum of the
multiples of the various Environments selected.
Request results from the
Context toolbar. These
results will reflect the sum
of the products of the
selected Environments

DesignSpace Entra
Structural x
Solution Combinations Training Manual
For example, consider the case below of a sample model

with two environments
Environment Environment 3
Solution Combination Results

DesignSpace Entra
Structural x
F. Stress Singularities Training Manual
In most finite-element analyses as the mesh is refined one

expects to get mathematically more precise results.
Quantities directly solved for (degrees of freedom) such as
displacements and temperatures, converge without problems
Derived quantities, such as stresses, strains, and heat flux,
should also converge as the mesh is refined, but not as fast or
smooth as DOF
In some cases derived quantities such as stresses and heat
flux will not converge as the mesh is refined. These are
situations where these values are artificially high
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Stress Singularities Training Manual
In a linear static structural analysis, there are several

sources which may cause artificially high stresses:
Stress singularities
Geometry discontinuities, such as reentrant
corners (shown on right)
Point/edge loads and constraints
Fixed supports and other constraints which prevent Poissons
effect
Fixed supports and other constraints which prevent thermal
expansion
In the above situations, refining the mesh at the artificially

high stress area will keep increasing the stresses
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Stress Singularities Training Manual

If the singularity is not in an area of interest one can usually scope
results only on parts or surfaces of interest
If the singularity is in the area of interest there are several ways to
obtain more accurate stress results:
Stress singularities
Model geometry with fillets or other details which do not cause geometric
discontinuities
Apply loads spread over areas rather than point loading
Overconstraints
A Fixed Support is an idealization, and modeling the constraint properly may
be required (possibly including the geometry on which the part is connected)
Although the above are some suggestions, these usually involve
additional effort or more nodes/elements, so it is up to the user to
review the results and understand if and why stresses may be
artificially high.
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G. Error Estimation Training Manual
You can insert an Error result based on stresses

(structural), or heat flux (thermal) to help identify regions of
high error (see example next page)
These regions show where the model would benefit from a
more refined mesh in order to get a more accurate answer
Regions of high error also indicate where refinement will
take place if convergence is used
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. . . Error Estimation Training Manual
Error plot shows region where element mesh refinement

may be necessary.
Error is plotted in terms of energy.
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H. Convergence Training Manual
As noted earlier, as the mesh is refined, the mathematical

model becomes more accurate. However, there is
computational cost associated with a finer mesh.
Obtaining an optimal mesh requires the following:
Having criteria to determine if a mesh is adequate
Investing more elements only where needed
Performing these tasks manually is cumbersome and

inexact
The user would have to manually refine the mesh, resolve, and
compare results with previous solutions.
Simulation has convergence controls to automate adaptive

mesh refinement to a user-specified level of accuracy
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Convergence Training Manual

To use this feature, simply select a
result item RMB and insert
Convergence
In the Details of the Convergence branch
select the max or min value for
convergence and allowable change (20%
default)
In the Details view of the Solution
branch, input the
max number of refinement loops per
solve
Input a reasonable value, such as 1 to 4,
so that Simulation will not try to refine the
mesh indefinitely.
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Simulation will automatically refine the mesh and resolve

At least two iterations are required (initial solution and first
refinement loop)
The Max Refinement Loops is used to specify the number of
allowable iterations (2 to 4 max loops is usually sufficient)
The mesh will automatically be refined only in areas deemed
necessary based on error approximation techniques
The convergence information is stored in
the Convergence branch
Not converged: a red exclamation mark will appear
Converged: a green checkmark will be shown
The result branches will display only the last solution
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After the solution is complete, one can view the results and

the last mesh
Note that the mesh is refined only where needed, as shown in
the example below
The Convergence branch shows the trend for each refinement
loop as well as the values and number of nodes and elements
in the mesh
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Convergence & Stress Singularities Training Manual
As mentioned earlier there are some causes for artificially

high stresses
Stress singularities are theoretically infinite so Simulations
adaptive mesh refinement will be affected
By specifying a reasonable value for the Max Refinement
Loops, this will allow the user to know quickly whether a
stress singularity or other type of artificially high stress
source is present
In this case, it is clear that the stresses

will increase without bound.
By examining the model, it was clear
that a stress singularity existed, which
explains why the stresses do not
converge as it normally would.
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Convergence & Scoping Training Manual
Besides adding details to remove stress singularities, one

can also converge on scoped results
If the artificially high stress region is not of interest, one can
scope results on selected part(s) or surface(s) and add
convergence controls to those results only
This provides the user with control on where to perform mesh
refinement
This also allows the user to ignore areas of artificially high
stresses which are not of interest
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Convergence & Scoping Example Training Manual
For example, consider the simple part below

The part below contains geometric discontinuities as shown
For a given set of loading conditions if the user knew that the
bottom of the part was failing this may be the region of interest
Possible stress singularity
Region of interest
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Model shown is from a sample Mechanical Desktop assembly. 8-45
Convergence & Scoping Example Training Manual

If convergence controls
were simply added to
the entire model, the
geometric discontinuity
would cause a stress
singularity which
increases without
bounds.
The solution becomes
very costly by including
the stress singularity.
On the other hand,

convergence controls
on scoped results
allows for adaptive
refinement only in user-
specified locations,
providing the user with
more control over the
mesh and the adaptive
solution.
In this way, the user can
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Results Not Used with Convergence Training Manual
Convergence cannot be used on the following result

quantities:
Any type of vector result
Contact Tool results
Frequency Finder stress/strain results
Buckling stress/strain results
Harmonic analysis results
Shape Finder results
Fatigue Tool graph results
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Convergence Summary Training Manual
Convergence Details:

the percent change is related to the previous solution. This
is not percent error
Convergence controls do not compensate for inaccurate
assumptions
Convergence controls trigger adaptive mesh refinement. Each
solution will take longer than the previous one
Scoping results which contain convergence controls helps to
minimize mesh density by isolating the areas of interest
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I. Workshop 8 Advanced Results Processing Training Manual
Workshop 8 Advanced Results Processing

Goal:
Analyze the high pressure vent assembly shown below and
then use some of the advanced postprocessing features to
review the stress and deflection results.
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AWS100 Ch08 Results

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Chapter Eight

In this chapter, aspects of reviewing results will be

ANSYS Workbench Simulation

The capabilities described in this section are applicable to

When selecting a results branch, the Context toolbar displays

ANSYS Workbench Simulation

Vector Display Controls

For structural analyses (static, modal, buckling),

ANSYS Workbench Simulation

No Displacement Scaling Automatic Displacement Scaling

ANSYS Workbench Simulation

The Geometry button controls the contour

ANSYS Workbench Simulation

Exterior is the default

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The Contours button controls the way in

ANSYS Workbench Simulation

Isolines Solid Fill

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The Edges button allows the user show the

ANSYS Workbench Simulation

No Wireframe Show Undeformed Wireframe

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When in Slice Plane viewing mode, slice planes

ANSYS Workbench Simulation

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The min/max symbols can be removed by selecting

ANSYS Workbench Simulation

August 26, 2005

The Probe object (previous page) allows

ANSYS Workbench Simulation

August 26, 2005

Probe Tool example:

ANSYS Workbench Simulation

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ANSYS Workbench Simulation

Start/Stop/Pause Control resolution and speed

Distributed animation interpolates results

Note: pause feature available

Alerts are simple ways of check to see if a scalar

ANSYS Workbench Simulation

In the Outline tree, a green checkmark indicates

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ANSYS Workbench Simulation

Modified Contour Legend

ANSYS Workbench Simulation

Vector plots involve any result quantity with direction, such

ANSYS Workbench Simulation

Once the vectors are visible their appearance can be modified

Vector Length Control Vector Length Control

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ANSYS Workbench Simulation

Proportional Length Equal Length

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Using multiple viewports is especially useful for

ANSYS Workbench Simulation

August 26, 2005

Under Tools > Options > Simulation: Graphics, the

ANSYS Workbench Simulation

August 26, 2005

Sometimes, limiting the display of results is useful when

ANSYS Workbench Simulation

Results scoping can be performed on any result item in the

August 26, 2005