Dental Anatomy Course

Introduction to
Dental Anatomy
Msd Fábio Tunes
Dental Anatomy
 Arrangement of Teeth
• Primary Dentition refers to the twenty deciduous teeth, also
called “baby teeth”.
• Secondary Dentition refers to the thirty-two permanent teeth.
• The dentition is divided into two arches: upper and lower, also
known as maxillary and mandibular arches.
• Each arch is arranged into a right and a left half. Thus there are
four quadrants.
• The line that divides left and right quadrants is the median line or
midline of the face.
Arrangement of Teeth
 Arrangement of Teeth
• The permanent teeth that replace the deciduous teeth are
called succedaneous teeth.
• Permanent molars are nonsuccedaneous teeth.
• The permanent premolars replace the deciduous molars.
• A mixed dentition is composed of some permanent and
some deciduous teeth.
 Naming and Coding Teeth
• Dentition-arch-quadrant-tooth
ex: permanent-max-left-central incisor
• Universal System
• 1-32 permanent teeth
• A-T deciduous teeth
 Palmer Notation System
• Each of the four quadrants is given his own prefix symbol.
• The number or letter assigned to the tooth depends on its
position relative to the midline.
• The first number indicates the quadrant and whether the tooth
is permanent or deciduous.
 Palmer Notation System

Second premolar
Central incisor

Second molar
First premolar
Lateral incisor

Third molar
First molar
Maxillary Maxillary

Midline

Canine
Right Left

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Maxillary-
Mandibular
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 dividing line

Mandibular Mandibular
Right Left
Permanent Teeth
 Palmer Notation System

Central incisor

Second molar
Lateral incisor

First molar
Canine
Maxillary Maxillary
Right Left
E D C B A A B C D E
E D C B A A B C D E
Mandibular Mandibular
Right Left
Primary Teeth
 FDI System (Fédération Dentaire
Internationale)
• Each tooth – permanent or deciduous is given a
two-digit number
• The second digit indicates the position of the
tooth relative to the midline
• The first number indicates the quadrant and
whether the tooth is permanent or deciduous
FDI System of Permanent Teeth
FDI System of Deciduous Teeth
Universal System of Permanent Teeth
Universal System of Deciduous Teeth
 Development and Form
• 6th week of fetal life deciduous teeth begin to
develop from tooth germs
• 4th month of fetal life permanent teeth begin to
develop
• 4-5th month of fetal life primary teeth begin to
calcify. This process continues until ~3-4th year after
birth, when the roots of deciduous teeth are fully formed
• Birth permanent teeth begin to calcify and continue
until ~25th year (third molar roots)
 Developmental Lobes
• Each tooth begins to develop from 4 or more growth
centers or developmental lobes
• Anterior teeth and maxillary premolars develop from 4
lobes – 3 labials and lingual. As the lobes grow, they
coalesce. The lines formed by the fusion are called
developmental grooves
• Mamelons are the incisal ridges of the three labial
developmental lobes of anterior teeth
• The lingual lobe makes up the cingulum of the tooth
Developmental Lobes
 Lobes and Cusps
• Maxillary premolars – 3 facial lobes/1 lingual lobe
3 facial 1 high buccal cusp
1 lingual large lingual cusp
• Mandibular 1st premolar same as above except smaller
lingual cusp
• Mandibular 2nd premolar
a) 2 cusp variety same as mand. 1st premolar
b) 3 cusp variety 3 buccal lobes-2 lingual lobes leading to two
lingual cusps (ML and DL)
Four lobes of Maxillary Second
Premolar
 Lobes and Cusps
• Max. 1st molar:
• two major facial lobes (MB,DB)
• one major lingual lobe (ML)
• one minor lingual lobe (DL)
• one rudimentary lobe (Carabelli)

• Max 2nd molar:

• 4 lobes; usually does not have cusp of carabelli
• Max 3rd molar:
• 3-4 lobes
Lobes and Cusps of Maxillary Molars
 Lobes and Cusps
• Mand. 1st molar: 5 lobes
• 4 major cusps (MB, DB, ML, DL)
• 1 minor cusp (D)
• Mand 2ed molar: 4 lobes, cusps.
• Mand. 3rd molar: 4 lobes, cusps.
• The most unpredictable teeth in size and shape. They are also
the most likely to be missing.
Lobes and Cusps of Mandibular
Molars
 Eruption
• General rules:
• Mandibular teeth usually precede maxillary (about 1
month).
• Teeth in both jaws erupt in pairs ( one on the right and
one on the left).
• Teeth usually erupt earlier in girls than in boys.
• all deciduous teeth usually erupted by 2 3/4 years old.
 Eruption of Deciduous Teeth
• Central incisors 8-12 months
• Lateral incisors 9-13 months
• 1st molars 13-19 months
• canines 16-22 months
• 2nd molars 25-33 months
 Eruption of Permanent teeth
• 1st molar – 1st permanent tooth to erupt. They emerge
distal to the deciduous 2nd molars (~6 years old).
• Mesial drift occurs
• Spaces between deciduous teeth are closed.
• If deciduous tooth is lost prematurely, the permanent molar
moves into the available space a may keep a premolar or
canine from erupting.
 Eruption of Permanent Teeth
• Exfoliation: process by which the roots of a baby
tooth are resorbed and dissolved until the tooth
falls out.
• As a permanent tooth erupts, the pressure
activates osteoclasts which in turn destroy the
roots of deciduous teeth.
• Permanent teeth erupt lingually to the deciduous
teeth.
 Most Common Pattern of Eruption
• Mand 1st molars – Max 1st molars
• Mand central incisors – Max central incisors
• Mand lateral – Max lateral
• Mand canines – Mand 1st PM- Max 1st PM
• Max 2nd PM – Mand 2nd PM - Max Canine
• Mand 2nd molars – Max 2nd molars
• Mand 3rd molars – Max 3rd molars
 Pattern of Eruption
• Note:
1. Max canines usually do not erupt until
premolars have erupted.
2. Mand canines and 1st Premolars often erupt
simultaneously.
3. Max 2nd premolars often erupt before the
mandibular counterparts.
 Pattern of Eruption
3rd molars:
• Do not appear until 17 years of age or later
• Most likely to be impacted
• (Mandibular > Maxillary)
• Most common teeth to be congenitally missing
 Pattern of Eruption
• As teeth erupt and meet their antagonist on the opposing
arch, they form the occlusal plane.
• The line of the occlusal surfaces is known as occlusal
plane.
• The curved alignment of the occlusal plane is known as
curve of Spee.