Presentation on Input Data through

Devices by Touch Screen

 Presented by

Waqas Ahmad 2k9-EE-221

Aamir Mehmood 2k9-EE-216
Waqas Ahmad 2k9-EE-244
Aamir Zulfiqar2k9-EE-248
 CONTENTS

Introduction
Input Devices
Keyboard,mouse,joystick,scanners,digital
camera, bar code reader, touch
Sreeen,Speech input device (microphone)
 Whats available for input
touch - fingers, feet, breath
sound - voice, other sounds
gesture
gaze
brainwaves
 2.Input Devices
Used by a person to communicate to a
computer.
Person to computer
 Output Devices
Displays information from the computer to
a person.
 Input Devices
Keyboard.
Mouse
Microphone
Digital Camera
Scanner
 The Keyboard
The most commonly used input device is
the keyboard on which data is entered by
manually keying in or typing certain keys.
A keyboard typically has 101 or 105 keys.
 The Mouse
Is a pointing device which is used to
control the movement of a mouse pointer
on the screen to make selections from the
screen. A mouse has one to five buttons.
The bottom of the mouse is flat and
contains a mechanism that detects
movement of the mouse.
 Microphones - Speech
Recognition
Use a microphone to talk to your
computer.
Add a sound card to your computer.
Sound card digitizes audio
input into 0-1sec.
 Audio Input: Speech
Recognition
Speech recognition is a type of input in
which the computer recognizes words
spoken into a microphone.
Special software and a microphone are
required.
Latest technology uses continuous speech
recognition where the user does not have
to pause between words.
View of Audio Speech
Recognition
Microphones - Speech
Recognition
 Digital camera
A digital camera can store many more
pictures than an ordinary camera. Pictures
taken using a digital camera are stored
inside its memory and can be transferred
to a computer by connecting the camera to
it. A digital camera takes pictures by
converting the light passing through the
lens at the front into a digital image.
 Scanner
A scanner can be used to input pictures
and text into a computer. There are two
main types of scanner; Hand-held and
Flat-bed.
 Summary Input Devices
Trackball

Pointing
Stick

Touch Pad
 Introduction

A touch screen is an electronic visual

display that can detect the presence
and location of a touch within the
display area. Touch screens can sense
Finger and other passive objects, such
as a stylus. However, if the object
sensed is active, as with a light pen.
 History & Development
In 1971 Dr. Sam Hurst, founder of Elographics developed the
first touch opaque sensor Elograph at the University of
Kentucky.
In 1974 He developed the first real touch screen.
In 1977, Elographics developed the five-wire resistive
technology then with the backing of Siemens Corporation,
developed a curved glass sensor called the touch screen.
The new transparent technology, AccuTouch, was later
developed by the founders of Elographics, Dr. Hurst and Bill
Colwell
 Dr. Samuel Hurst

The father of the touch screen technology

is Dr. Samuel Hurst. In 1971, while he was
working as an instructor at the University of
Kentucky Research Foundation, he had to
read a great volume of information during
the graduation exams. In an effort to save
some time he invented the first touch sensor
that he called lo graph(electronic
graphics), which allowed him to enter data
faster.
 First Touch Screen Phone
Apple was the first with a touch
screen phone in 1983. Jason
Ford of Elo Touch Systems, the
company whose founder
invented touch screen
technology, for providing the
touch technology. In 1971, the
first "touch sensor" was
developed by Doctor Sam
Hurst.
 First Touch Mobile
The Nokia 7710 is a first touch
screen mobile phone model
produced by Nokia. The 7710 is
based on the Nokia 7700 which
was never released. It is Nokia's
first, and so far only smart phone
to run the Series 90 GUI a top
the Symbian OS.
 Types of Touch Technologies
There are mainly 4 types of touch Technologies:-

1.Resistive

2. Surface acoustic wave

3. Capacitive

4. Infrared
 Resistive
A resistive touch screen panel is composed
of several layers, the most important of
which are two thin, metallic, electrically
conductive layers separated by a narrow
gap. When an object, such as a finger,
presses down on a point on the panel's outer
surface the two metallic layers become
connected at that point. This causes a
change in the electrical current, which is
registered as a touch event and sent to
the controller for processing. It is used
in Grocery Stores, Hotels, Restaurants and
Retail Stores.
 Advantages & Disadvantages of Resistive
Advantages
Cost-effective solution
Activated by any stylus
Very accurate
Low power requirements
Liquids won't affect touch screen performance
Disadvantages
Polyester surface can be damaged
Lower endurance (35 million touches)
 Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW)
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology
uses ultrasonic waves that pass over the touch screen panel.
When the panel is touched, a portion of the wave is
absorbed. This change in the ultrasonic waves registers the
position of the touch event and sends this information to
the controller for processing. SAW touch screen technology
is suggested for use in ATMs, Amusement Parks, Gaming
Environments, Industrial Control Rooms etc.
 Advantages & Disadvantages of SAW
Advantages
Durable glass construction
High optical clarity
Activated by a finger, gloved hand, or soft tip stylus
Disadvantages
Moving liquids or condensation can cause false touches
Solid contaminants create non-touch areas until removed
Doesn't support drag or draw effectively
 Capacitive
A capacitive touch screen panel
consists of an insulator such
as glass, coated with a
transparent conductor such
as indium tin oxide (ITO). As the
human body is also a conductor,
touching the surface of the screen
results in a distortion of the
body's electrostatic field,
measurable as a change
in capacitance.
Advantages & Disadvantages of Capacitive

Advantages
Scratch resistant, durable surface
High endurance (225 million touches)
Very accurate
Good optical clarity
Liquids won't affect touch screen performance
Disadvantages
Does not work with gloved fingers or stylus
 Infrared
An infrared touch screen uses
an array of X-Y
infrared LED and photo
detector pairs around the edges
of the screen to detect a
disruption in the pattern of LED
beams. Infra-red bezels have
proven to be a very reliable
technology for use in
ATMs,Medical Instrumentation
and Transportation Tracking
applications.
Advantages & Disadvantages of Infrared Touch
Screen
Advantages
-Highest quality of underlying image
-Very high transmittance
-Excellent anti-glare, with use of chemically etched glass
-Can be activated with almost any device
-Higher accuracy than other technologies
-Very high durability and reliability
Disadvantages
- Surface obstructions can cause a false touch
It is very sensitive and can be activated by stray touches.
Low resolution
Parallax problems
 Touch Screen Technology Comparison Chart
Resistive Infrared SAW Capacitive

Touch High High Average High

Resolution

Clarity Average Good Good Good

Operation Finger or Stylus Finger or Stylus Finger or Soft- Finger only

tipped Stylus

Durability Can be Highly Durable Susceptible to Highly durable

Damaged by Dirt and
Sharp Objects Moisture
 Advantages & Disadvantages of all Touch
Technology
Touch screens have several advantages over other pointing devices:
A touch screen is easy to use (as the user simply touches what he or
she sees on the display).
Save space as no buttons are required.
Touching a visual display of choices requires little thinking and is a
form of direct manipulation that is easy to learn.
Touch screens are the fastest pointing devices.
Touch screens have easier hand eye coordination than buttons.
Touch screens are durable in public access and in high volume usage.
 Disadvantages
Screen has to be really big not to miss things when pressing them with
your finger:
Big screen leads to low battery life.
Touch screen means screen cant be read too well in direct sunlight as
it applies an additional not 100% transparent.
Touch screen devices usually has no additional keys (see the iPhone)
and this means when an app crashes, without crashing the OS, you
cant get to the main menu as the whole screen becomes unresponsive.
Most user interfaces are not optimized for thumb operation, so a
stylus in necessary, and this means using two hands
Screens get very dirty.
These devices require massive computing power which leads to slow
devices.
 CLOSING THOUGHTS

Though the touch screen

technology contains some
limitations its very user
friendly, fast, accurate, easy
for the novices & fun to
operate. It has been widely
accepted. And now by just
modifying a little it can
replace the mouse and key
board completely in near
future.