AN OVERVIEW ON

PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

To introduce internal stresses into a structural

member to counteract the stresses that will
result from applied load (as in incorporating
cables under tension in concrete)
 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE AND HIGH
STRENGTH STEEL TENDONS

The principle behind prestressed concrete is

that compressive stresses induced by high-
strength steel tendons in a concrete member
before loads are applied will balance the
tensile stresses imposed in the member
during service.
High strength steel is used because

1.Very high pre stressing force is required

By increasing areas of steel OR
By increasing initial stress.
o High grade steel is good.
2.Various losses present in steel
 PRESTRESSING STEEL

Forms of Prestressing Steel

Types of Prestressing Steel
Properties of Prestressing Steel
Codal Provisions of Steel
Forms of prestressing steel
Wires (2.5,3.0,4.0,5.0,7.0,8.0 mm diameter)
o Plain wire
o Indented wires (To improve bond and anchorage properties)
Strands (MULTI - WIRE)
o 2-wire strand
o 3-wire strand
o 7-wire strand
 Tendons
o They are used in post-tensioned members

Cables
o A group of tendons form a prestressing cable. The cables are
used in bridges.
Bars (HIGH STRENGTH ALLOY BARS)
o A tendon can be made up of a single steel bar. The diameter of
a bar is much larger than that of a wire. Bars are available in
the following sizes: 10, 12, 16, 20, 22, 25, 28 and 32 mm.
FORMS OF REINFORCING AND
PRESTRESSING STEEL
 TYPES OF PRESTRESSING STEEL

COLD WORKING(COLD DRAWING)

STRESS RELIEVING (HARD - DRAWN)

STRAIN TEMPERING FOR LOW RELAXATION

 PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED STEEL

Attributes for good quality

High strength
Adequate ductility
Bendability, which is required at the harping points
and near the anchorage
High bond, required for pre-tensioned members
Low relaxation to reduce losses
Minimum corrosion(Durability).
STRESS STRAIN CURVE FOR STRESS
RELIEVED STRANDS
Variation in 0.2% proof-stress for wires
under different treatment processes
AS PER IS1343-2012
 7-WIRE STRESS RELIEVED STEEL
STRAND AS PER AS1311
REGULAR GRADE
SUPER GRADE
COMPACT GRADE

AS1312 provides 19 wire steel strand

 DURABILITY
For bonded tendons, the alkaline environment
of the grout provides adequate protection. For
unbonded tendons, corrosion protection is
provided by one or more of the following
methods.
Epoxy coating
Mastic wrap (grease impregnated tape)
Galvanized bars
Encasing in tubes.
EPOXY and GALVANIZED COATING
GREASE IMPREGNATED
ENCASING STRANDS
 ACCORDING TO IS 1343:2012
The prestressing steel shall be any one of the following
Plain hard-drawn steel wire (cold-drawn stress relieved
wire) conforming to IS 1785 (Part 1),
Indented wire conforming to IS 6003,
High tensile steel bar conforming to IS 2090,
Uncoated stress relieved strand conforming to IS 6006,
and
Uncoated stress relieved low relaxation seven ply strand
conforming to IS 14268.
High strength concrete is used to overcome
1. The high stresses in anchorage regions of
post-tensioned concrete structures.
2. The slippage with a better bond in pre-
tensioned structures.
3. In addition, it helps to have a higher initial
compressive stresses as a reserve for future
tension (due to flexure from load)
4. With higher grade concrete, shrinkage and
creep losses are minimum.
 MINIMUM GRADE OF CONCRETE

M30 grade concrete is used for post-tensioned

members.

M40 grade concrete is used for pre-tensioned

members.
 In specifying a particular grade of concrete,
following information about concrete should
be specified:

Grade designation
Type of cement to be used
Maximum nominal size of aggregates
Minimum and maximum cement content for the mix
Maximum water-cement ratio of the mix
Workability to be achieved
Type of aggregates to be used
Use of any admixture, if required, stating the
conditions of use
 MINIMUM CEMENT CONTENT AND
MAXIMUM W/C RATIO

A maximum cement content of 530 kg/m3is specified in the

code so that shrinkage stains of concrete may be restricted
within limits.
 COMPACTION BY VIBRATION
CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNAL VIBRATORS

DIAMETER OF NEEDLE HEAD FREQUENCY (VPM) AVERAGE AMPLITUDE

(mm) (mm)

20-30 9000-15000 0.4-0.8

30-50 8000-12500 0.5-0.65

50-75 7000-10000 0.65-0.75

 CURING
It is essential to use proper and adequate curing to
reduce the permeability of concrete and enhance
its durability by extreme hydration of cement.

In hot weather, curing must commence as soon as

possible that the concrete needs to be protected
from loss of moisture as early as possible,
sometimes even within 1hour of its finishing
Concrete that is allowed to dry in air will gain only 50% of
the strength of continuously moist-cured concrete.
 When early strength gain is important,
STEAM CURING is an option.
There are two methods in steam curing
Live (or low pressure) steam at atmospheric
pressure
o Maximum temperatures range from 40 to 100C,
with the optimum being in the 65to 80C range.
High-pressure steam curing in autoclaves.
o The curing is done in autoclaves at temperatures
163to 195C range.
 ADVANTAGE OF LOW-
PRESSURE STEAM CURING OF
CONCRETE
With careful temperature selection, the
strength of concrete after 3 days can exceed
the 28-day strength of normally cured
concrete.
Besides the early strength gain, steam-cured
concrete has reduced drying shrinkage and
creep as compared to normally cured concrete.
 Materials for prestress concrete members:
1. Cement: The cement used should be any of
the following
(a) Ordinary Portland cement conforming to IS269
(b) Portland slag cement conforming to IS455. But
the slag content should not be more than 50%.
(c) Rapid hardening Portland cement conforming
to IS8041.
(d) High strength ordinary Portland cement
conforming to IS8112.
 SHEATHING DUCTS
HDPE sheathings ducts used in almost all the
major projects including Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation (DMRC) & Konkan Railways in
place of Metallic duct sheathings in our
country, India.
 BENEFITS OF USING HDPE
SHEATHING DUCTS
Safety of the structure against the corrosion.
Lesser value of friction & wobble co-coefficients
user friendly (i.e. easy to handle and joining)
High durability
HDPE corrugated sheathing an ideal material and
offers overall economy in prestressing industry.
HDPE SHEATHING DUCT
TENDON PROFILES AND CAMBER
ECCENTRIC TENDON

CAMBER=

Here, M = P X e
BENT TENDON (DRAPPED)

CAMBER=

Here, W = 4Pe / L
PARABOLIC TENDON

CAMBER=

Here, w = 8Pe / L2
TRAPEZOIDAL TENDON

CAMBER=

Here, W = Pe / aL
 OR
CAMBER