Stage 35 Grammar

Notes

Latin 4/4H Cambridge Latin Course

 Stage 35

puellae dormiunt.
The girls are sleeping./The girls
sleep.
vir cogitat puells dormre.
The man thinks that the girls are
sleeping.
 Stage 35
In the second example, a statement is not being said
out loud, but it is being reported or mentioned by
someone else.

This is known as an indirect statement.

Notice that the subject is now in the accusative case

and the verb is in the infinitive form.

You can identify indirect statements by verbs of

saying,knowing,believing,hearing, and thinking plus
a subject in the accusative and an infinitive.
 Stage 35
Some Latin verbs that introduce indirect statements:
audio,audire,audivi,auditus- to hear

video,vidre,vd,visus-to see

scio,scire,scivi,scitus-to know

dico,dicere,dixi,dictus-to say

cogito,cogitare,cogitavi,cogitatus-to think

puto,putre,putavi,putatus-to think

spero,sperre,speravi,speratus- to hope
 Stage 35

Translate:

1.nntius dicit hosts appropinqure. (nuntius-messenger,

hostis,hostis-enemy, appropinqure-approach

2.audi Agricolam bellum in Caldoni gerere. (Agricolam-

Agricola, Caldoni-Caledonia, bellum + gerere to wage a
war)

3. rhtor putat flium meum dligenter labrre. (rhtor-

teacher, putat-from puto,putre: to think, dligenter hard)
 Stage 35
Answers:

1.nntius dicit hosts appropinqure.

The messenger says that the enemies are
approaching.

2. audi Agricolam bellum in Caldoni gerere.

I hear that Agricola is waging a war in Caledonia.

3. rhtor putat filium meum dligenter labrre.

The teacher thinks that my son works hard.
 Stage 35

PURPOSE CLAUSE
Recognized by ut + subjunctive verb
The ut is translated as: in order to/to + verb meaning
Example: Quintus iter fecit ut Rufum inveniret.
Quintus made a journey in order to find Rufus.
Remember the only subjunctives we know are:
Pluperfect: -ss + verb ending
Imperfect: infinitive + verb ending
 Stage 35

INDIRECT COMMAND
Recognized by a commanding verb + ut +
subjunct.
The ut is translated as: to + verb meaning.
Ex: Cog Quintum oravit ut eum adiuvisset.
Cog. begged Quintus to help him.
 Stage 35

RESULT CLAUSE

Recognized by so great word + ut + subjunctive

The ut is translated as: that

Ex: tam defessi discipuli erant ut viligare non

possent.

The students were so tired that they were not able to

stay awake.
 Stage 35

INDIRECT QUESTIONS
Recognized by question word
(cur,ubi,quis,quid) + the subjunctive
Ex: Cog scire voluit ubi Quintus esset.
Cog wanted to know where Quintus
was.
 Stage 35

CUM CLAUSE

Recognized by cum + subjunctive

Cum is translated as when in this context.

Ex: cum Claudius in triclinium ambulavisset, Livia

irata erat.

When Claudius had walked into the dining room,

Livia was mad.