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Mass Balance

Novia ST., MT., Ph.D


NIP. 19731105 200003 2003
General Balance Equation

Rate of
change of = Mass flow - Mass flow rate
mass within rate in out
system

27/01/2016 Dr. Novia, ST., MT.


Burning of Natural gas
Exhaust Gas

Natural
Gas
Air

Rate of
increase of = Mass flow rate + Mass flow rate - Mass flow
mass within of Gas in of Air in rate of Gas out
system

27/01/2016 Dr. Novia, ST., MT.


Burning of Natural gas
Exhaust Gas

Natural
Gas
Air

Rate of
increase of = Mass flow rate + Mass flow rate - Mass flow
mass within of Gas in of Air in rate of Gas out
system

27/01/2016 Dr. Novia, ST., MT.


Steady State Balance

Steady State

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Steady State Flow, One-Dimensional Mass
Balance
Flow in Flow out

The steady state flow of some fluid in a pipe of varying cross section

Mass flow rate in at point 1 = Mass flow rate out at the point 2

31/08/2010 Dr. Novia, ST., MT.


For Constant Density

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31/08/2010 Dr. Novia, ST., MT.
Unsteady-State Mass Balance
Property Steady State Unsteady State
Calculations Easy More difficult
Require Calculus No Yes
Set up in Laboratory Difficult Easy
Large-scale industrial use Desirable Undesirable
Efficiency High Low
Capital Cost per unit of production:
- Large Volume Product Low High
(ex: gasoline)
- Small Volume Product High Low
(ex: pharmeceuticals)

31/08/2010 Dr. Novia, ST., MT.


Unsteady state of a microchip diffusion
furnace
Volume 1 ft3
T 100oF
Temperature Controller

Vacuum Pump

The microchip contains air which is an ideal gas. The vacuum pump is
pumping air out prior to beginning the thermal diffusion step. During the
pumpout process, the heating coils in the tank hold the temperature in
the tank constant at 68oF. The volumetric flowrate at the inlet of the
pump, independent of pressure, is 1.0 ft3 / min. How long does it take the
pressure to fall from 1 atm to 0,0001 atm?
31/08/2010 Dr. Novia, ST., MT.
Mass balance:
Rate of increase of mass within system = Mass flow rate
in - Mass flow rate
out

Maka:

Karena Vsystem tidak berubah, maka

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31/08/2010 Dr. Novia, ST., MT.
31/08/2010 Dr. Novia, ST., MT.
31/08/2010 Dr. Novia, ST., MT.
31/08/2010 Dr. Novia, ST., MT.
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31/08/2010 Dr. Novia, ST., MT.
REFERENCES:
C. J. Geankoplis, Transport Process and Unit Operations, Edisi
1.

ke-3, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1993

F. A. Holland dan R. Bragg, Fluid Flow for Chemical Engineers,


2.

Edisi ke-2, Edward Arnold, London, 1995

W. L. McCabe, J. C. Smith dan P. Harriot, Unit Operations of


3.

Chemical Engineering, Edisi ke-5, McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc., New


York, 1993

N. De Nevers, Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers, McGraw-


4.

Hill Book Co. Inc., New York, 1991

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