The states in which matter can

exist: as a solid, liquid, gas or

plasma.
 Solid is the state of matter with a defined
appearance. It has its own shape, has very little to
no molecular movement. This is the state of matter
with a very rigid molecular structure.
 Is the state of matter with molecular
movement. Its movement is dictated by how fast
the liquid flows. It has no shape of its own due to
its loose molecular structure. Instead, it takes the
shape of its container. An example is a glass of
lemon juice.
 Gas is the state of matter with high
molecular movement. Its molecular structure is looser
than liquid. It behaves the same way as a liquid. An
example is the air we breathe.
 Is the state of matter with a very high
molecular movement. Due to heat, a gas becomes
plasma due to the energy it absorbs and releases,
making its molecules move even faster. High
temperature plasmas glow a certain color. An
example is the neon light fixture seen in
restaurants.
Phase Transitions in matter happens when heat
is introduced. Heat allows molecules to absorb
energy, thereby increasing its energy levels.
Increasing energy means movement among
particles. Removing heat causes the molecules
to lose energy, compacting together.
 Melting

Process of adding heat to a sloid, causing its form to

become a liquid

Example: Scraps of iron (Fe) bars melted to be

reformed into solid iron blocks.
 Evaporation
Process of adding heat to a liquid, causing its
loose molecular bonds to break further, turning
into a gas.

Example: Saltwater is made to evaporate in a

saltwater flat to extract salt
 Ionization
Process of adding heat to a gas, adding energy to
it, charging the molecules into ions (plasma is made
up of ions)

Example: Energy is added in a glass tube filled with

Neon, making the Neon gas to glow due to the
ionization process.
 Recombination

Process of removing heat in plasma, returning the

ions to a ground state, becoming a gas. Sometimes
called deionization

Example: Neon plasma deionizes back to its

gaseous form once it begins to cool
 Condensation

Process of transferring energy in gas molecules to

the surrounding area, forcing the gas molecules to
form bonds and coalesce into a liquid

Example: Water vapor condenses back to liquid

water to form clouds
 Freezing

Process of transferring heat in liquids to the

surrounding area, forcing the molecules to
reform and bond into a solid

Example: Liquid mercury, poured into a mold,

is solidified when poured with liquid nitrogen
 Sublimation

Process of adding energy to a solid, dissipating into

a gas without transitioning to the liquid phase

Example: Frozen Carbon dioxide sublimates into

carbon dioxide gas when exposed to room
temperature
 Deposition
Process of transferring energy from the gas molecules
to the surrounding area, forcing them to combine and
make deposits of clumped gas molecules together,
reforming into a solid

Example: Water vapor deposits itself as ice crystals

when forming snowflakes