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2014
2014
Pearson
Pearson
Education,
Education,
Inc.Inc. 10 - 1
Outline
Global Company Profile:
Rusty Wallaces NASCAR Racing Team
Human Resource Strategy for
Competitive Advantage
Labor Planning
Job Design
Ergonomics and the Work
Environment
Methods Analysis
The Visual Workplace
Labor Standards
Ethics
Schedules
Individual differences
Time of day When Who
HUMAN Strength and fatigue
Time of year
RESOURCE Information
(seasonal)
STRATEGY processing and
Stability of
response
schedules
Enlarged job
Task #3 Present job Task #2
(Lock printed circuit (Manually insert and (Adhere labels
board into fixture for solder six resistors) to printed circuit
next operation) board)
Control
(Test circuits after
assembly)
1. Skill variety
2. Job identity
3. Job significance
4. Autonomy
5. Feedback
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 - 22
Self-Directed Teams
Group of empowered individuals working
together to reach a common goal
May be organized for long-term or
short-term objectives
Effective because
Provide employee empowerment
Ensure core job characteristics
Meet individual psychological needs
Empowerment
Self-direction
Enrichment
Enlargement
Specialization
Job expansion
Figure 10.4a
Table 10.4b
Welding
From
Storage bins
press
mach. Paint
shop
Mach. 3 Mach. 4
Machine 1
Mach. 2
Machine 4 Welding
Machine 3
Paint
Machine 2 shop
Machine 1
From
press Storage
mach. bins
Figure 10.6
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 - 39
Operation Chart
Figure 10.7
Figure 10.8
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 - 43
The Visual Workplace
Visual signals at the Visual kanbans reduce
machine notify inventory and foster JIT
support personnel
Reorder
Line/machine point
stoppage
Parts/
maintenance
needed
All systems go
Part A Part B Part C
Andon
Figure 10.8
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 - 44
The Visual Workplace
Figure 10.8
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 - 45
Labor Standards
Effective manpower planning is
dependent on a knowledge of the labor
required
Labor standards are the amount of time
required to perform a job or part of a
job
Accurate labor standards help
determine labor requirements, costs,
and fair work
1. Historical experience
2. Time studies
3. Predetermined time standards
4. Work sampling
n=
hx
1.96 1.0
2
n= = 170.74 171
.05 3
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 - 66
Time Study Example 3
Variations
zs
2
n =
e
n=
(
z 2 p 1- p )
h2
where n = required sample size
z = standard normal deviate for desired confidence level
p = estimated value of sample proportion
h = acceptable error level in percent (as a decimal)
n=
(
z 2 p 1- p )
h2
where n = required sample size
z = 2 for a 95.45% confidence level
p = estimate of idle proportion = 25% = .25
h = acceptable error of 3% = .03
(2)2 (.25)(.75)
n= 2
= 833 observations
(.03)
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 - 75
Work Sampling Example
NO. OF
OBSERVATIONS ACTIVITY
485 On the phone or meeting with a welfare client
126 Idle
62 Personal time
23 Discussions with supervisor
137 Filing, meeting, and computer data entry
833
Sales in Travel
person 20%
20%
Telephone
sales Paperwork
12% 17%
Lunch and
personal
10%
Telephone
within firm Meetings
13% and other
8%
Figure 10.10
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 - 77
Work Sampling Time Studies
Startup/exercise
Assembly-Line 3%
Employees
Breaks and lunch
10%
Dead time
between tasks
13%
Productive Unscheduled tasks
work and downtime
67% 4%
Cleanup
3%
Figure 10.10
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 - 78
Work Sampling
Advantages of work sampling
Less expensive than time study
Observers need little training
Studies can be delayed or interrupted with
little impact on results
Worker has little chance to affect results
Less intrusive