IP addressing

IPv4
NETWORK LAYER IP PROTOCOL
Mreni sloj

A B
 Zaglavlje u transportnom (TCP)
i mrenom sloju (IP)

IP paket

TCP segment Numeriranje

Pouzdanost
Viestruka
komunikacija
TCP, UDP
STRUKTURA IP ADRESE
-Mreni sloj
- jedinstvena u mrei
-IPv4 - 32 bita (4x8)
-4,294,967,296
-subnet maska

161.53.146.195 (dotted decimal format)

10100001 00110101 10010010 11000011

network:
group of hosts with same bits
in the network portiotion
Pitanja?
koliko nam treba hostova?
koliko nam treba subnetworka?
 6.2
Vrste adresa
IPv4

lowest address, has (zero) 0 in host portition

same networks bits

highest address in the network range

bits in host portition are 1 ex.
DHCP
request

between the network address and the broadcast address in

that network
256-2=254 usable
Binarno decimalna konverzija-
binarno u decimalno

BINARY (baza 2)
2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0

decimal (baza 10)

245
=
2x10^2
+
4x10^1
+
5x10^0
 Binarno decimalna konverzija-
decimalno u binarno

172

1.172>=128 Y|1|ostatak 44
2.44>=64 N|0|
3.44>=32 Y|1|ostatak 12
4.12>=16 N|0|
5.12>=8 Y|1|ostatak 4
6.04>=4 Y|1|ostatak 0
7.0>=2 |0|
8.0>=2 |0|
SUBNET MASK
in bits
255.255.255.0
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

128 10000000
192 11000000
224 11100000
240 11110000
248 11111000
252 11111100
254 11111110
255 11111111
 1

Vjebe konverzije
64
78
239
224
193
 2

Vjebe konverzije

1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
 3

Vjebe konverzije

1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
Subnet maska
Definira veliinu i opseg mree odreene IP adrese
Raspon vidljivosti IP adresa
Logiko grupianje
Mree odvojene ruterima
 IP adresa, subnet maska
IP adresa
Subnet Maska IP adresa
Default gateway jedinstvena u mrei
DNS server

161.53.146.195 (dotted decimal format)

10100001 00110101 10010010 11000011

network:
group of hosts with same bits
in the network portiotion

Pitanja?
koliko nam treba hostova?
koliko nam treba subnetworka?
 LAN subnet mask

IP 192.168.1.1
IP 192.168.1.10
SM 255.255.255.0
SM 255.255.255.0

IP 192.168.2.11
SM 255.255.255.0

Pitanja?
IP 192.168.1.12 Koja raunala mogu pristupiti jedno drugome?
SM 255.255.255.0
IP + Subnet Mask
Adresa mree - prva
Studenti 192.168.1.0
IP range raspon izmeu Administracija 192.168.1.64
Gosti 192.168.1.128
Broadcast address - zadnja Testing 192.168.1.192

Pr.
192.168.1.0 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000000
255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000

Adresa mree 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.64 192.168.1.128

Upotrebljive IP 192.168.1.1-62 192.168.1.65-126 192.168.1.129-190
Broadcast adresa 192.168.1.63 192.168.1.127 192.168.1.191
SUBNET MASKA - primjer
192.168.1.0 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

192.168.1.0 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
255.255.255.192 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000

Pr. 64 -2
Studenti 192.168.1.0 62 Iskoristive adrese
Administracija 192.168.1.64
Gosti 192.168.1.128 1. Adresa same mree
Testing 192.168.1.192 2. Broadcast adrese
SUBNET MASKA prefix length
Skraeni nain pisanja
192.168.1.0 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

192.168.1.0/24 Prefix lenght

192.168.1.0 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
255.255.255.192 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
 ANDing
IP 192.168.1.10
IP 192.168.1.11
IP 192.168.2.11
SM 255.255.255.0

ROUTER
IP 192.168.1.254
SM 255.255.255.0

Digitalna logika
Router ANDing procesom provjerava da li je
raunalo u mrei. Ako nije, proslijeuje ga
dalje.
Put paketa 1
ANDing II
u kom subnetu se nalazi ovaj host?
192.168.1.95
255.255.255.192

4 networka x 256 (-2 )hostova

IP 01011111
Maska 11000000
--------------
64 01000000

0-63
64-127
128-191
192-255
 LAN subnet mask

IP 192.168.1.1
IP 192.168.1.10
SM 255.255.255.0
SM 255.255.255.0

IP 192.168.2.11
SM 255.255.255.0

IP 11000000 10101000 00000001 00001010

IP 11000000 10101000 00000010 00001011
IP 11000000 10101000 00000001 00001100
IP 192.168.1.12 MASK 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
SM 255.255.255.0
Pitanja?
Koja raunala mogu pristupiti jedno drugome?
Klase IP adresa
 Privatne IP adrese
A 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0 /8)
B 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255 (172.16.0.0 /12)
C 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255 (192.168.0.0 /16)

Nisu dostupne na internetu.

Dogovorno routeri ih ne rutaju, ne postoje route za njih.
NAT
translating private addresses to
public to access Internet

predstavljaju se kao public

(vanjska adresa)

skoro sve ostalo je public

!(127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 loopback,
169.254.0.0/16 special purposes,
0.0.0.0
192.0.2.0 to 192.0.2.255 test)
Pitanja?
Oblik i struktura IP adrese
Klase IP adresa
Privatne/javne, razlika (prvi broj)
to odreuje network/host portition
Network/Broadcast adresa na primjeru
192.168.1.5/24