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Fluids
Which of the following is inappropriate
when collecting urine for routine bacteria
culture?
a. Container must be sterile
b. Midstream void technique must be used
c. Collected sample must be plated within 2 hours
unless refrigerated
d. Sample may be held at 2-8C for up to 48 hours
prior to plating
Which urine color is correlated correctly
with the pigment-producing substance?
a. Pyridium
b. Phenolsulfonphthalein
c. Rifampin
d. Melanin
Urine that is dark red or port wine in color
may be caused by:
a. Lead poisoning
b. Porphyria cutanea tarda
c. Alkaptonuria
d. Hemolytic anemia
Which of the following tests is affected
least by standing or improperly stored
urine?
a. Glucose
b. Protein
c. pH
d. Bilirubin
Urine production of less than 400 mL/day
is:
a. Acute glomerulonephritis
b. Renal tubular failure
c. Diabetes insipidus
d. Addisons disease
Which of the following is most likely to
cause a false-positive dry reagent strip
test for protein?
a. Urine of high SG
b. Highly buffered alkaline urine
c. Bence Jones proteinuria
d. Salicylates
Which statement best describes the
clinical utility of tests for
microalbuminuria?
a. Testing may detect early renal involvement in
diabetes mellitus
b. Microalbuminuria refers to a specific subfraction
of albumin found only in persons with diabetic
nephropathy
c. A positive result indicates the presence of
orthostatic albuminuria
d. Testing should be part of the routine urinalysis
In which of the following conditions is
glycosuria most likely?
a. Addisons disease
b. Hypothyroidism
c. Pregnancy
d. Hypopituitarism
A positive glucose oxidase test and a
negative test for reducing sugars indicate:
a. True glycosuria
b. False-positive reagent strip test
c. False-negative reducing test caused by
ascorbate
d. Galactosuria
A negative glucose oxidase test and a
positive test for reducing sugars in urine
indicate:
a. True glycosuria
b. False-negative glucose oxidase reaction
c. Presence of a nonglucose reducing sugar such
as galactose
d. Trace quantity of glucose
Ketones are detected in urine by reaction
with:
a. Sodium nitroprusside
b. O-Toluidine
c. Tetrabromphenol blue
d. Double indicator system
Which ketone body is sodium
nitroprusside specifically reacting with in
the ketone test?
a. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid
b. Acetone
c. Acetoacetic acid
Which of the following conditions is
associated with a negative blood test and
an increase in urine urobilinogen?
a. Calculi of the kidney or bladder
b. Malignancy of the kidney or urinary sytem
c. Crush injury
d. Extravascular hemolytic anemia
Which of the following results are
discrepant?
a. p-Dinitrobenzene
b. p-Aminosalicylate
c. p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde
d. p-Dichloroaniline
Which statement about the dry reagent
strip test for leukocytes is true?
a. Chronic pyelonephritis
b. Nephrotic syndrome
c. Acute glomerulonephritis
d. Lower urinary tract obstruction
Urine sediment characterized by pyuria
with bacterial and WBC casts indicates:
a. Nephrotic syndrome
b. Pyelonephritis
c. Polycystic kidney disease
d. Cystitis
Which type of casts signals the presence
of chronic renal failure?
a. Blood casts
b. Fine granular casts
c. Waxy casts
d. Fatty casts
When examining urinary sediment, which
of the following is considered an abnormal
finding?
a. 0-2 RBCs/hpf
b. 0-1 hyaline casts/lpf
c. 0-1 renal cell casts/lpf
d. 2-5 WBCs/hpf
Which of the following crystals is
considered nonpathological?
a. Hemosiderin
b. Bilirubin
c. Ammonium biurate
d. Cholesterol
At which pH are ammonium biurate
crystals usually found in urine?
a. Tubular necrosis
b. Acute glomerulonephritis
c. Aminoaciduria
d. Pyelonephritis
Which condition below is associated with
the greatest proteinuria?
a. Acute glomerulonephritis
b. Chronic glomerulonephritis
c. Nephrotic syndrome
d. Acute pyelonephritis
Acute pyelonephritis is commonly caused
by:
a. Bacterial infection
b. Circulatory failure
c. Renal calculi
d. Antigen-antibody reactions within the glomeruli
Which statement about renal calculi is
true?
a. Ketone body
b. Oval fat body
c. Fatty droplet
d. Neutrophil
The final phase of degeneration that
granular casts undergo is represented by
which of the following casts?
a. Fine
b. Coarse
c. Cellular
d. Waxy
Alkaptonuria, a rare hereditary disease, is
characterized by the urine excretion of
a. Alkaptone
b. Phenylalanine
c. 5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA)
d. Homogentisic acid
Excessive lipid metabolism, as is seen in
diabetes mellitus, is indicated by the
presence in the urine of
a. Hemoglobin
b. Ketone bodies
c. Glucose
d. Protein
A reagent test strip impregnated with a
diazonium salt may be used to determine
which analyte?
a. Glucose
b. Ketone
c. Hemoglobin
d. Bilirubin
The reagent strip test for hemoglobin may yield
false positive results for the presence of
hemoglobin when the urine specimen contains
a. Ascorbic acid
b. Tetracycline
c. Myoglobin
d. Nitrite
With infections of the urinary system,
WBCs are seen in the urine sediment.
Which WBC is most often seen?
a. Eosinophil
b. Lymphocyte
c. Monocyte
d. Neutrophil
What condition is characterized by increased
urinary excretion of protein during the day while
at night there is a normal excretion of protein?
a. Pathological proteinuria
b. Bence Jones proteinuria
c. Orthostatic proteinuria
d. Functional nocturia
Nitrite in a urine specimen suggests the
presence of:
a. WBC
b. RBC
c. Yeast
d. Bacteria
Which is true about the formed element
found in Color Plate 47?
a. WBC
b. Mucus
c. Squamous epithelium
d. Sperm
Which of the following is true about the
final concentrating of urine in the kidney?
a. Glomerulonephritis
b. Improperly collected specimen
c. Pyelonephritis
d. Nephrotic syndrome
All the following would be characterized
by an increased number of the urinary
component in Color Plate 50 except
a. Acute glomerulonephritis
b. Renal calculi
c. Menstrual contamination
d. Nephrotic syndrome
Patients with diabetes insipidus tend to
produce urine in ______ volume with _______
specific gravity.
a. Increased, decreased
b. Increased, increased
c. Decreased, decreased
d. Decreased, increased
Which of the following characteristics is
true of the urinary components in Color
Plate 51?
a. Consist of Tamm-Horsfall protein
b. Presence always indicates a disease
c. Can be observed with polarized microscopy
d. Appear yellowish in brightfield microscopy
CSF
Which of the following findings is
consistent with a subarachnoid
hemorrhage rather than a traumatic tap?
a. Clearing of the fluid as it is aspirated
b. Clear supernatant after centrifugation
c. Xanthochromia
d. Presence of a clot in the sample
If a fasting glucose level of 100 mg/dL is
obtained, what is the expected fasting
CSF glucose level?
a. 25
b. 50
c. 65
d. 100
The term used to denote a high WBC
count in the CSF is:
a. Empyema
b. Neutrophilia
c. Pleocytosis
d. Hyperglycorrhachia
Which of the adult CSF values are
consistent with bacterial meningitis?
a. Neisseria meningitidis
b. Group B streptococci
c. Streptococcus pneumoniae
d. Klebsiella pneumoniae
Amniotic,
Gastrointestinal, and
Seminal Fluids
Which test best correlates with the
severity of hemolytic disease of the
newborn (HDN)?
a. Rh antibody titer of the mother
b. Lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio
c. Amniotic fluid bilirubin
d. Urinary estradiol
Which is the reference method for
determining fetal lung maturity?
a. 20 million/mL
b. 40 million/mL
c. 60 million/mL
d. 100 million/mL
Which of the following semen analysis
results is abnormal?
a. Volume 1.0 mL
b. Liquefaction 40 minutes
c. pH 7.6
d. Motility 50% rapid progressive movement
Which of the following sample collection
and processing conditions leads to
inaccurate seminal fluid analysis results?
a. Sample stored at room temperature for 1 hour
before testing
b. Sample collected following coitus
c. Sample collected without an anticoagulant
d. Sample collected without use of a condom
Which of the following stains is used to
determine sperm viability?
a. Eosin Y
b. Hematoxylin
c. Papanicolaou
d. Methylene blue
Which condition is most often associated
with gastric ulcers?
a. Colon cancer
b. Atrophic gastritis
c. Pernicious anemia
d. Pancreatitis