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Alkene - CnH2n

H
n=2 C2H4 H
H
H
ethene or ethylene

H
H
n=3 C3H6 H
CH3 propene or propylene

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Alkene - CnH2n
CH3 H
n=4 C4H8 H H
H CH3
CH3 CH3
trans-2-butene cis-2-butene

H
H3C
H
CH3
2-Methlypropene
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ALKENES - NAMING.

A hydrocarbon containing a double bond


has the parent name changed from:
Alkane to Alkene

It is now necessary to show the position of the


double bond by adding the number of the first
alkene carbon encountered.

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IUPAC Rules for Alkene and Cycloalkene
Nomenclature

1. The ene suffix (ending) indicates an alkene or


cycloalkene.

2. The longest chain chosen for the root name must


include both carbon atoms of the double bond.

3. The root chain must be numbered from the end nearest


a double bond carbon atom. If the double bond is in the
center of the chain, the nearest substituent rule is used
to determine the end where numbering starts.

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4. The smaller of the two numbers designating the carbon atoms
of the double bond is used as the double bond locator. If more
than one double bond is present the compound is named as a
diene, triene or equivalent prefix indicating the number of
double bonds, and each double bond is assigned a locator
number.
5. In cycloalkenes the double bond carbons are assigned ring
locations #1 and #2. Which of the two is #1 may be
determined by the nearest substituent rule.
6. Substituent groups containing double bonds are:
7. H2C=CH- Vinyl group
H2C=CH-CH2- Allyl group

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Alkene - CnH2n

n=5 C5H10 CH3CH2CH2CH CH2 1-Pentene

H CH3
H H
?- 2-Pentene CH3 H ?- 2-Pentene
CH3CH2 CH3CH2

H
H3C
2-Methyl-1-butene H

CH3CH2

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Alkene - CnH2n

CH3
CH3 CH3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CH3CH CHCHCH CHCHCH3
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
4,7-Dimethyl-2,5-octadiene
3-Methylcyclohexene

CH3 CH3

CH3CHC CCHCH3 3,4-Diisopropyl-2,5-dimethyl-3--hexene

(CH3)2CH CH(CH3)2

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Alkene - CnH2n

CH3

CH3

2,3-Dimethylcyclopentene CH3
CH3

4,4-Dimethylheptene

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Illustration 1 (CH3)2C=CHCH2C(CH3)3
Illustration 2 (CH3CH2CH2)2C=CH2

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IUPAC Rules for Alkyne Nomenclature

1. The yne suffix (ending) indicates an alkyne or cycloalkyne.


2. The longest chain chosen for the root name must include
both carbon atoms of the triple bond.
3. The root chain must be numbered from the end nearest a
triple bond carbon atom. If the triple bond is in the center
of the chain, the nearest substituent rule is used to
determine the end where numbering starts.
4. The smaller of the two numbers designating the carbon
atoms of the triple bond is used as the triple bond locator.

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IUPAC Rules for Alkyne Nomenclature

5. If several multiple bonds are present, each must be assigned a


locator number. Double bonds precede triple bonds in the
IUPAC name, but the chain is numbered from the end nearest a
multiple bond, regardless of its nature.
6. Because the triple bond is linear, it can only be accomodated in
rings larger than ten carbons. In simple cycloalkynes the triple
bond carbons are assigned ring locations #1 and #2. Which of
the two is #1 may be determined by the nearest substituent
rule.
7. Substituent groups containing triple bonds are:

HC@C- Ethynyl group


HC@CH-CH2- Propargyl group
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Illustrations 5, 6, 7 & 8

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examples, (9), (10) & (11)
Sub-Rules for IUPAC Nomenclature
The root chain is that which contains the maximum number of multiple bonds.
If more than one such chain is found, the longest is chosen as the root.
If the chains have equal length the one with the most double bonds is chosen.

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