Kazi Fazila Tasneem

ID:
B-TECH CSE
One of the major challenges facing humankind is to provide an equitable
standard of living for present and future generations: adequate food, water,
energy, safe shelter and a healthy environment. But, global environmental
issues such as land degradation, loss of biodiversity, stratospheric ozone
depletion along with human-induced climate change, threatens our ability to
meet the basic human needs.

Climate change will have an economic impact on agriculture, including changes

in farm profitability, prices, supply, demand and trade. The magnitude and
geographical distribution of such climate-induced changes may affect our
ability to expand the food production as required to feed the populace.
Climate change could thus have far reaching effects on the patterns of trade
among nations, development and food security.

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 Global Warming

Unpredictable Monsoon

Acid Rain

Soil Degradation

Groundwater Irrigation

Agricultural Drought

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 Global warming is when the
earth heats up and the
temperature increases
It is predicted that due to climate
change, temperature would
increase from 2C to 3C, there
would be increase in sea level,
more intense cyclones,
unpredictable rainfall etc. These
changes would adversely affect
the production of rice and wheat.
Specifically, rise in temperature
in winter would affect production
of wheat in north India.
Production of rice would be
affected in coastal areas of India
due to ingress of saline water
and increase of frequency of
cyclones.

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 Global mean temperatures have
increased by 0.74C during last 100
years
Temperatures increase by 1.8-6.4 C
by 2100 AD. Greater increase in rabi
Precipitation likely to increase in
kharif
Snow cover is projected to contract
More frequent hot extremes, heavy
precipitations
Sea level to rise to be 0.18 - 0.59
m.

GHG (CO2, methane, nitrous oxide)

increase, caused by fossil fuel use
and land use changes, main
reasons.

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 Burning of crop field due to heat wave

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 Farmers state that the monsoon rains have become increasingly
unpredictable over the past two decades, both in the total amount of
rain that falls in a given year and the timing of rainfall. This makes it
difficult for farmers to decide which crops are best to plant in order to
get the highest yields during the monsoon season.
Changing rainfall patterns

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 Heavy Rain, hailstorms destroy crops in north India
Times of India | Mar 17, 2015, 06.38 AM IST

Unseasonal thunder showers and hailstorms left behind a trail

of destruction, leveling standing crops across north India on
Sunday, with the region still reeling under its effect on Monday
even as Central authorities tried to assess the full extent of the
cumulative losses.
Wheat, pulses, mustard, and gram took the brunt of sudden
precipitation in east UP; Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya
Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra witnessed similar
devastation. Landslides and snowfall led to the closure of the
Jammu & Kashmir highway leaving thousands of people
stranded.

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 Unseasonal rain and hailstorm in the past few days have
damaged crops in parts of at least six states across central,
north and western India.

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 Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when
compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released
into the air. These substances can rise very high into the
atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and
other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid
rain.

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 In parts of India, the over-pumping of water for agricultural use is
leading to falling groundwater levels. Conversely, water-logging is
leading to the build-up of salts in the soils of some irrigated areas. In
rain-fed areas on the other hand, where the majority of the rural
population live, agricultural practices need adapting to reduce soil
erosion and increase the absorption of rainfall. Overexploited and
degrading forest land need mitigation measures. There are proven
solutions to nearly all of these problems. The most comprehensive is
through watershed management programs, where communities engage
in land planning and adopt agricultural practices that protect soils,
increase water absorption and raise productivity through higher yields
and crop diversification.

Soil Exhaustion:
On one hand green revolution has played a positive role in reducing
hunger from India. On the other hand it has also led to negative
consequences. One of which is Soil exhaustion. Soil exhaustion means
loss of nutrients in the soil from farming the same crop over and over
again. This usually happens in the rain forest.

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 More than 60% of Indias agriculture is rain-fed, making the
country highly dependent on groundwater.
Even without climate change, 15% of Indias groundwater
resources are overexploited.
In this region of central Gujarat, farmers are heavily dependent on
groundwater irrigation. Farmers with irrigation access are less
susceptible to climate fluctuations because they can irrigate their
crops during periods of low rainfall. Groundwater tables, however,
are falling due to heavy irrigation use and water tables are
currently 600 to 800 feet below ground.

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 Agricultural drought accounts for the water needs of crops during
different growing stages. For instance, not enough moisture at
planting may hinder germination, leading to low plant populations
and a reduction in yield.
parts of South Asia have become drier since the 1970s with an
increase in the number of droughts.
Droughts have major consequences. In 1987 and 2002-2003,
droughts affected more than half of Indias crop area and led to a
huge fall in crop production.
Droughts are expected to be more frequent in some areas,
especially in north-western India, Jharkhand, Orissa and
Chhattisgarh.
Crop yields are expected to fall significantly because of extreme
heat by the 2040s.

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 Well there are several challenges faced by farmers due to climate
change.
Unpredictable weather patterns- this does not give farmers
adequate time to prepare for the different farming practices, hence
resulting in losses.
Pollution - eg. greenhouse gases, affects productivity, ground
water and results in soil degradation.
Deforestation - loss of habitat for living things and also a
contributor to climate change.
Genetic engineering - affects seed quality and the use of
herbicides
Irrigation problems - over-irrigation affects water table and
aquifers; under-irrigation leads to increased soil salinity.

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 The first thing comes to my mind when we talk about challenges
faced by farmers due to the environmental changes is less rain fall
or drought. Due to a wide spread of deforestation there is sever
decrease in rainfall which causes the farmers big challenging
factor.
Second, the emission of harmful industrial effluents on the land
causing the land pollution which is ultimately causing to the loss
of fertility in the soil.
Third, due to the huge biodiversity the insects and animals which
are friendly for a farmer are becoming extinct.
Lastly, the increase in the global warming causes unfavorable
conditions for the plants to grow and sustain.

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 Throughout the case study we got to know about different
challenges that a farmer has to face to run their livelihood.
he harvesters and feeder of Indian population i.e the farmers has
to suffer a lot.
Their Life has been bounded among the problems and as a result
they are not able to plan for their family.
Farmer has to face very difficulty due to change in climatic
condition so on our part we can increase the awareness.
We are glad to gain knowledge about Environment change. And
decide that we will not be a part of it.
Climate change is a reality
Indian agriculture is likely to suffer losses due to heat, erratic
weather, and decreased irrigation availability
Adaptation strategies can help minimize negative impacts
These need research, funding, and policy support
Costs of adaptation and mitigation are unknown but likely to be
high; costs of inaction could be even higher

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THANK YOU

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