Cementing design

ITEM
1. Description
2. Preparation
3. The main factor contacting with
the displacing ratio
4. Rule and method
5. Procedure
1 Description

Basic rule
Keep the annular pressure balance while
pumping and WOC
Displace all the mud away the cementing
section
The lost circulation or oil/gas/water
channeling into the annular will not
happen
1 Description

The type of cementing

Normal cementing operation
Pump cement plug
Squeezing
 1 Description

Main contents
Well conditions : analyzing the
temperature/ pressure / open hole
condition/mud properties
Selecting the cementing type and method
Slurry design: weight/ volume /properties
Ahead water and behind water design
1 Description

Main contents
Selecting the cementing equipment
and tools/casing accessories
Displacing technology design:
Displacing speed/operation program
Preparation before cementing:
cleaning the open hole/adjusting the
mud properties
Cementing result evaluation
1 Description

Design procedure :
Selecting and analyzing the basic data used
for the design
Deciding the cementing method
Calculating the volume of slurry/ahead
water/behind water/displacing mud
Planning the position of the casing accessories
Making the operation procedures and the plan
1 Description

Design procedure :
Simulating and evaluation the cementing
operation, comparing the design results
Adjusting the design data on the base of the
simulating and evaluation
Carry out the design cementing procedures
Analyzing and evaluating the operation
results
2 Preparation

1Requirement for the cementing design

The top depth of cement
The top and bottom depth of the production zones
The position of the shut-off set collar for the plug
The time for wait on cement(WOC)
The quality of cementing between the casing and the
formations
The properties of the cement stone
The information of the formation between the open
hole section: temp./pressure/production zones
2 Preparation

2 information of the formation

temperature
The difference between the top and bottom of
cementing section
BHCT
BHST
Temperature of the mixing water
The temperature will affect the amount of
cement additive and the compress strength of
cement stone
2 Preparation

2 information of the formation

Obtaining of the temperature data
logging data
measuring
calculating with computer
2 Preparation

2 information of the formation

2pressure
pore pressure
mud weight
logging
breaking pressure
lost circulation test
calculating with computer
2 Preparation

2 information of the formation

3situation while drilling
High pressure
Lost circulation
Salt zones
2 Preparation

2 information of the formation

4production zone
oil
gas
oil with water
gas with water
oil with gas and water
2 Preparation

3information of the open hole

size of drilling bit
casing structure
depth of the well
size of the open hole logging
2 Preparation

4type of drilling mud and the properties

weight
viscosity
YP water base mud
WL saturation water with salt mud
Ph oil with water mud
oil base mud
2 Preparation

5cement/additives/pumping and mixing

equipment
amount of the cement and additives
Properties of the pumping and mixing equipment
Ability of the pumping and mixing equipment
3The main factor contacting with the displacing ratio

Centralization ratio of casing

Properties of the fluid (slurry/pre-
flush and spacer)
Data for displacing
Flowing form of the fluid
Contacting time of the turbulent flow
The properties of mud
3 The main factor contacting with the displacing ratio
3 The main factor contacting with the displacing ratio

gap Following form of slurry Displacing ratio

(mm) (%) Average

Return speed
Re
(m/s)

W(35.1) 2.0--3.0 normal>3500 97.6

M(20.5) 0.3--0.6 100<Re<800 94.5

80.3

S( 8.9) .05--.10 5<Re<10 50.5

3 The main factor contacting with the displacing ratio
3 The main factor contacting with the displacing ratio
4The rule and the method of cementing design

4.1 The balance rule

While pumping and
displacing
Keep over pressure
Pa > Pp + P
Pastatic pressure
Pppore pressure
Psafety factor
No lost circulation
Pa + Pfa < Pf - P Pp Pa

Pfaflowing resistance of the fluid

in the annular
Pfbreaking pressure
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

4.1 The balance rule

While w.o.c.
Controlling the weight lost
of the slurry column

Preventing the channeling

Pa + Pc < Pp
Pp Pa
PcThe flowing resistance of formation in
the slurry
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

4.2 The selecting of cementing technology

primary cementing
stage cementing
liner cementing
special cementing:
-- stab-in cementing
-- out-site casing cementing
-- reversing circulating cementing
--
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

4.2 The selecting of cementing technology

The selecting rule for stage cementing
long cementing section with large volume slurry
will be pumped
There is a danger of lost circulation while
cementing
there are gas zones at the bottom section of the
open hole
There is a big temp. difference between the top
and bottom cementing section
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

4.3 slurry design

The displacing form of the fluid design
The slurry column design
The requirement for the system and the
properties of the slurry
The recipe test of the slurry
The volume calculation
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

4.3 slurry design

The displacing form of the fluid design
The slurry column design
The requirement for the system and the
properties of the slurry
The recipe test of the slurry
The volume calculation
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

4.3 slurry design

The displacing form of the fluid design
The slurry column design
The requirement for the system and the
properties of the slurry
The recipe test of the slurry
The volume calculation
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

The slurry column design

normal
mud + ahead waterpre-flush/spacer+ slurrytail

normal
mud + ahead waterpre-flush/spacer/pre-flush

+ slurrylead and tail

Primary with tow cementing section

mud + ahead waterpre-flush/spacer/pre-flush

+ slurry + separating fluid(spacer/mud/spacer)
+ slurrylead and tail

Tow stage
mud + ahead waterpre-flush/spacer+ slurrytail
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

The rule for slurry length design

The top of the tail slurry should be 100-
150m above the top production zone
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

The rule for slurry weight design

annular pressure balance
tail: 15.8-16 ppg (1.89-1.92kl/l)
lead: as the pressure balance requirement
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

Calc.total annular pressure

Analysis the balance of pressure

Balanced / not balanced

Adjusting the lead slurry weight

Completed
Adjusting the length of lead slurry
Adjusting the tail slurry weight
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

4.3 slurry design

The displacing form of the fluid design
The slurry column design
The requirement for the system and the
properties of the slurry
The recipe test of the slurry
The volume calculation
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

Volume calculation
Volume of slurry
Volume of cement
Volume of mixing water
Volume of additives
Volume of ahead water(pre-flush/spacer)
Volume of displacing fluid
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

4.4 ahead water and behind water

design
Selecting rule
Structure of the ahead water
The weight and volume of the ahead water
The type of the ahead water
Behind water design
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

4.4 ahead water and behind water

design
Selecting rule
Structure of the ahead water
The weight and volume of the ahead water
The type of the ahead water
Behind water design
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

when just pump pre-flush or spacer, the volume should

be enough for the 10 min. turbulent flow contacting.

The volume can be calculated with the following form

q=10Qc60/1000

qvolume of pre-flush m3
Qcdisplacing capacity L/s
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

When pump both pre-flush and spacer, the

volume can be calculated as the same form. The
ratio of the pre-flush and spacer should be 2-3:1.
The requirement for the volume of thick spacer:
can fill 150200m open annular
The requirement of ahead water volume for
liner cementing : more then 1.6m3
The volume can be adjusted according to the
depth of the well
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

4.4 ahead water and behind water

design
Selecting rule
Structure of the ahead water
The weight and volume of the ahead
water
The type of the ahead water
Behind water design
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

Normal just pump mixing water as the

behind water.

But when liner cementing ,the behind

water should be designed specially.
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

4.5 displacing design

Displacing form
Requirement of properties for the
displacing fluid
U tube affecting calculating and control
The data change while displacing
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

4.5 displacing design

Displacing form
Requirement of properties for the
displacing fluid
U tube affecting calculating and
control
The data change while displacing
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

Rule for selecting the displacing speed

There are (not) lost circulation or weak zones
The situation while drilling
The situation of size change for the open hole
The situation of casing centralization
Vertical or deviation well
Properties of the mud pump and cementing pump
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

Rule for selecting the displacing form

Turbulent follow form at first , then
plug follow form.
Both turbulent or high speed follow
form and plug follow form with the help
of ahead water.
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

4.5 displacing design

Displacing form
Requirement of properties for the displacing
fluid
U tube affecting calculating and control
The data change while displacing
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

4.5 displacing design

Displacing form
Requirement of properties for the displacing
fluid
U tube affecting calculating and control
The data change while displacing
4 The rule and the method of cementing design
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

4.5 displacing design

Displacing form
Requirement of properties for the
displacing fluid
U tube affecting calculating and control
The data change while displacing
4 The rule and the method of cementing design

Following resistance
Static pressure in the annular and casing
Pressure at well head
Pressure at casing shoe
Turbulent follow contacting time
5Cementing design procedure

(1) Selecting and analysis the basic data for the design
(2) Making the first cementing plan
selecting cementing method
design the displacing form
calculating the volume of ahead water
design the slurry column in the annular
design the type of slurry and the properties for
the well condition
5Cementing design procedure

Step 1 Selecting and design cementing technology

Step 2 Selecting and design one of the stage cementing
Step 3 Selecting displacing speed and form
Step 4 Ahead water design (type /weight/volume)
Step 5 Design slurry(properties/volume)
Step 6 Calculating the pressure balance in the annular
Step 7 Making the properties requirement of slurry
Step 8 Selecting the system of slurry and the additives
for the slurry
5Cementing design procedure
(3) Design and Calculating the cementing fluid
on the base of test data from the lab.
(4) Making the operation plan
Pumping speed and time for ahead water
Pumping speed and time for lead slurry
Pumping speed and time for tail slurry
Time for putting plug
Pumping speed and time for displacing the plug
Time for displacing and the pumping speed
Total operation time
Pressure for shut-off
(5) Adjusting the plan