RESTRICTED NEUTRAL SYSTEM OF POWER SUPPLY FOR

3.3KV AND 6.6KV BALANCED LOAD

ARNAB BHUIYA (16MT001330)

SHILPA RAHA (16MT00)
UNDER THE GUIDANCE of
DR. TANMOY MAITY
&
BISWANATH BEHERA (DDMS, DGMS)
G. L. KANTA RAO (DDG, DGMS)
CONTENTS
EARTHING
TYPE OF EARTHING
TYPE OF SYSTEM EARTHING
ADVANTAGES OF RESISTANCE GROUNDING
 Earthing:
The method of connecting noncurrent carrying parts of the electrical
equipment or the neutral point of the supply system to the earth through
the wire having negligible resistance is called electrical earthing.
Types of Electrical Earthing
System Earthing
Equipment Earthing
Type of System Earthing:
SOLID GROUNDING

IF = V1/ (ZTR + ZCABLE + ZEARTH CORE)

 Resistance Grounding

IF = IN + IC2 + IC3
IN= -V1 / RN
IC2= Jcwv2
IC3= Jcwv3
IC= 3Jcwv1
IF= (-V1/RN) + 3Jcwv1
 Reactance Grounding

IF=IN+IC2+IC3
IN= -jV1/LNW
IC2= Jwcv2
IC3= Jcwv3
IC=3Jcwv1
IF=-jV1/LNW+3Jcwv1
 Insulated Grounding System

IF = IC = IC2 + IC3
IC2 =Jcwv2
IC3 =Jcwv3
IC = 3Jcwv1
|IF| = 3CW|V1|
 System Capacitance

The line-to-ground capacitance associated with system components

determines the magnitude of zero-sequence charging current. This value
of current is required for proper selection of high resistance grounding
equipment. The charging current of a system can be calculated by
summing the zero-sequence capacitance or determining capacitive
reactance of all the cable and equipment connected to the system. From
this the current can be calculated. If actual values are not available,
graphs and approximation formulae can also be used.
 Capacitance Calculation
 Selection of High Resistance Grounding Equipment

For correct application the let-through current of the high resistance grounding
equipment should be equal to or slightly higher than the capacitive charging
current of the system otherwise there will be arcing ground phenomenon. The
installation of a tapped ground resistor unit is recommended when a system
expansion is expected at a later date or the designer is unsure of the charging
current value.
 ADVANTAGES OF RESISTANCE NEUTRAL
GROUNDING SYSTEM
As the fault current is limited, it prevents open sparking of cable
joints, equipment connections etc. in the faulty feeder.
It controls transient over voltages.
It prevents any kind of damage to the equipment.
Reduces electric shock hazards to personnel by stray ground fault
currents in the ground return path.
Reduce mechanical stresses in circuits and apparatus carrying fault
currents.
Touch potential in the grounded/faulty machinery reduces.
Step potential is also reduced.
A reduction in voltage dip during ground faults, provided
simultaneously ground faults on different phases are not encountered.
 In Canada, the high resistance grounding concept can be applied on
any low and medium voltage system if the ground fault current does
not exceed 5 Amperes, by Canadian Electrical Code.
In Australia the high resistance grounding concept is used
underground at the mine shall be such that the current from a single
fault to earth can not exceed 5 amperes where the nominal voltage
exceeds 4000 volts
In US the high resistance grounding concept is used underground
where Ground-fault currents must be limited by a neutral grounding
resistor to not more than--
o 6.5 amperes when the nominal voltage of the power circuit is 2,400
volts or less; or
o 3.75 amperes when the nominal voltage of the power circuit exceeds
2,400 volts.
Plan of Action
To assess the restriction of fault current for 3.3 kV balanced load it is
proposed to make a system study in one of the underground coal mine
of Tata Steel. Similarly, for 6.6kV balanced load it is proposed to make
a study at Moonidih Colliery.
The Capacitive Current from the TSU till the last consumer shall be
measured. After measuring capacitive current we can find out the Fault
Current (IF).
IF = 3IC0
R=V/3IF
R=XC0/3
Precautions to be Taken for Resistance Grounding of
Neutral
If the fault current is less than the capacitive current, the system may
behave like an isolated neutral.
For that the maximum system capacitance charging current must be
known before the high resistance grounding system panel resistor can
be set for the correct ground current during a fault.
If we restrict the earth fault current to a very low value, then it may
happen that the earth leakage relay may fail to sense the earth fault
current.
The resistance is so chosen that the fault current restricted for the
system for a particular voltage level is more than the capacitance
current between the line to ground and line to line
References
30 CFR 75.801, Title 30 of The Code of Federal Regulations Mineral
Resources, Office Federal Register National Archives Records
Administration, 2003.
IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial
and Commercial Power Systems, IEEE Std. 242-2001, 2001.
IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial
Power Systems, IEEE Std. 142-1991, 1996
US Regulations NEC 2005 Article 250
US Regulations -30 CFR Section 75
NSW DPI Technical Reference Electrical Protection and Earthing
Coal Mine Health and Safety Act 2002 Coal Mine Health and Safety
Regulation 2006
Industrial electrical network design guide by Schneider electric
THANK YOU