Law and Society

Presentation
TRIBAL ISSUES IN
INDIA
 TRIBES
A tribe is a distinct people, dependent on their
land for their livelihood, who are largely self-
sufficient, and not integrated into the national
society.
The tribes in India form an important part of the
total population. It represents an element in Indian
society which is integrated with the culture mosaic
of our civilization.
Tribal Life and Their Culture
Tribals account for only 8.2%(84.3 million) of the total
population, they make India the second largest concentration
of tribal communities in the world (Census 2001).
There are 533 tribes as per notified schedule under Article
342 of the constitution of India.

The prominent tribal areas constitute about 15 % of the total

geographical areas of the country and correspond largely to
underdeveloped areas of the country.
 Problems faced by Tribal
Communities
Land Alienation
Poverty and Indebtedness
Health and Nutrition
Education
Cultural Problems
The tribal culture is entirely different from the way
of life of the civilized people. The tribals fail to
understand the civilized people, their customs and
practices, beliefs and attitudes and so on.
 Seven major tribes in India
Tribes States

Gonds Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Maharastara, Jahrkhand,

Gujrat, Karnatka, Orissa, West Bengal
Bhils Madhya Pradesh, Gujrat, Rajasthan

Santhals Jahrkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Tripura

Minas Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Chatissgarh, Madhya Pradesh

Oraons Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Maharashtra, West

Bengal

Mundas Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chatissgarh Orissa, West Bengal, Tripura

Khonds Jharkhand Madhya Pradesh, Chatissgarh Orissa, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh,

Maharashtra, West Bengal
 Acts and Rules
Operational guidelines for formulation,
implementations and monitoring of tribal sub-plan
and article 275(1)
Forest Rights Act 2006
THE CONSTITUTION (EIGHTY-NINTH
AMENDMENT) ACT 2003
PESA 1996
SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989
SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Rules, 1995
Protection of Civil Right Rules, 1977
Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955
 Conclusion
India's population includes almost one hundred
million tribal people. And there are many Acts in
our legal structure which provide protection to
these vulnerable groups. Although, there are still
some major issues faced by these tribes but our
government is trying to ensure their growth and
development of tribal areas for their upliftment.