BRAINGATE

TECHNOLOGY

SUBMITTED BY:-
VINEET GOSWAMI
 OUTLINE
Introduction
History
Development
Working Principle And Working
Applications
Advantages
Disadvantages
Future Scope
Conclusion
Reference
 INTRODUCTION
It is a mind-to-movement system that allows a quadriplegic man to control
a computer using his Thoughts.
Brain Gate is a brain implant system built by Cyberkinetics which
implements the technology Brain-computer interface (BCI).
Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a fast-growing emergent technology, in
which researchers aim to build a direct channel between the human brain
and the computer.
The system is to help those who have lost control of their limbs, or other
bodily functions, such as patients with spinal cord injury to operate various
gadgets such as TV, computer ,lights, fan etc.
It monitors brain activity in the patient and converts the intention of the
user into computer commands
 HISTORY

Research on BCIs has been going on for more than 20

years, but from the mid-1990s there has been a
dramatic increase in working experimental implants.
Brain Gate system was commercially developed by
the bio-tech company Cyberkinetics in 2003 in
conjunction with the Department of Neuroscience at
Brown University.
First of all it was implemented on rats then monkeys and
after no complication on human beings
 DEVELOPMENT

Company and Scientist:

Brain Gate is a brain implant system
developed by the bio-tech company
Cyber kinetics in 2003 in conjunction with
the Department of Neuroscience at Brown
University.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

The principle of brain gate neural

interface system is that which
intact with brain function, neural
signals generated are
interpreted by the systems and a
cursor is shown to the user on a
computer screen that provides
an alternate Brain Gate
pathway". The user can use that
cursor to control the computer,
just as a mouse is used.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE(Contd)

In general the working of BRAIN GATE SYSTEM is done

using 3 techniques namely,
Brain control motor function
By using Neuro feedback
Neuroprosthetic device
Brain Control Motor Function

The brain is "hardwired" with connections,

which are made by billions of neurons that
make electricity whenever they are
stimulated.
The electrical patterns are called brain
waves.
Muscles in the body's limbs contain
embedded sensors called muscle spindles
that measure the length and speed of the
muscles as they stretch and contract as
you move. Other sensors in the skin respond
to stretching and pressure.
NEURO FEEDBACK

A technique called neurofeedback

uses connecting sensors on the scalp to
translate brain waves into information a
person can learn from.
The sensors register different
frequencies of the signals produced in
the brain.
These changes in brain wave patterns
indicate whether someone is
concentrating or suppressing his
impulses, or whether he is relaxed or
tense.
Neuroprosthetic Device

A neuroprosthetic device
converts brain activity into
computer commands.
A sensor is implanted on the
brain, and electrodes are
hooked up to wires that travel
to a pedestal on the scalp.
From there, a fiber optic cable
carries the brain activity data
to a nearby computer.
 WORKING
The Brain Gate neural interface device is a
propriety brain-computer interface that consist of
an Inter neural signal sensor and External
Processors.

The sensor consists of a tiny chip containing 100

microscopic electrodes that detect brain cell
electrical activity.

The chip is implanted on the surface of brain in

the motor cortex area that controls movement.
 WORKING (Contd)

External Processors convert neural signals into an

output signal under the users own control.
In the pilot version of the device, a cable connects
the sensor to an external processor in a cart that
contains computers.
The computers translate brain activity and create
the communication output using custom decoding
software.
ACTUAL WORKING OF BRAIN
GATE SYSTEM

Preprocessing
Detection
Control
Training
Bio feedback
 APPLICATIONS

A Boon to the paralyzed -Brain Gate

Neural Interface System
In a clinical trial on Nagle,statement
Of Nagle, I can't put it into words.
It's justI use my brain. I just thought
it. I said, "Cursor go up to the top
right." And it did, and now I can
control it all over the screen. It will
give me a sense of independence.
 APPLICATIONS

Diagram of the BCI

developed by Miguel
Nicolelis and collegues for
use on Rhesus monkeys
Later experiments by
Nicolelis using rhesus
monkeys, succeeded in
closing the feedback loop
and reproduced monkey
reaching and grasping
movements in a robot arm .
 APPLICATIONS

In classification of EEG signal.

In multimedia communication.
In evaluation of spike detection algorithms.
Actuated control of mobile robot by human EEG.
As a brain controlled switch for asynchronous
control.
In evaluating the machine learning algorithms.
 ADVANTAGES

Controlling remote devices

Making and receiving telephone calls
Accessing the internet.
Turn on or off the lights
Control robotic arm
Watch and control television
Locking or unlocking doors
Motorized wheelchair
 DISADVANTAGES

Expensive
Risky Surgery
Not Wireless yet
Difficulty in adaptation and learning.
Limitation in information transform rate:
The latest technology is 20 bits/min.
 FUTURE SCOPE

Current new advances include a second-

generation interface software M*Power controller
that will enable users to perform a wide variety of
daily activities without assistances of technician.
Smaller ,wireless device .
The user will have an improved control of
respiratory system, limb with muscle stimulation or
robotics.
 CONCLUSION

The invention of Braingate is such a revolution in medical

field. The remarkable breakthrough offers hope that people
who are paralyzed will one day be able to independently
operate artificial limbs, computers or wheelchairs.
The idea of moving robots or prosthetic devices not by
manual control, but by mere thinking (i.e., the brain activity
of human subjects) has been a fascinated approach.
Medical cures are unavailable for many forms of neural and
muscular paralysis. The enormity of the deficits caused by
paralysis is a strong motivation to pursue BMI solutions. So this
idea helps many patients to control the prosthetic devices of
their own by simply thinking about the task.
 Reference

www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com