for Business www.wiley.com/college/sekaran Hallmarks of scientific research: Hallmarks or main distinguishing characteristics of scientific research: Purposiveness Rigor Testability Replicability Precision and Condence Objectivity Generalizability Parsimony
Research Methods 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
for Business www.wiley.com/college/sekaran Hypothetico-Deductive Research The Seven-Step Process in the Hypothetico- Deductive Method Identify a broad problem area Define the problem statement Develop hypotheses Determine measures Data collection Data analysis Interpretation of data
Research Methods 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
for Business www.wiley.com/college/sekaran Deduction and Induction Deductive reasoning: application of a general theory to a specific case. Hypothesis testing
Inductive reasoning: a process where we
observe specific phenomena and on this basis arrive at general conclusions. Counting white swans
Both inductive and deductive processes are
often used in research.
Research Methods 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
for Business www.wiley.com/college/sekaran Alternative approaches to what makes good research Positivism Constructionnism
The middle ground:
Critical realism Pragmatism
Research Methods 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
for Business www.wiley.com/college/sekaran Positivism Scientific research is the way to get to the truth
Rigour and replicability, reliability, and
generalizability
Key approach: experiment
Research Methods 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
for Business www.wiley.com/college/sekaran Critical realism There is an external reality but we cannot always objectively measure this external reality
The critical realist is critical of our ability to
understand the world with certainty
Research Methods 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
for Business www.wiley.com/college/sekaran Constructionism The world as we know it is fundamentally mental
Aim to understand the rules people use to
make sense of the world
Research methods are often qualitative in
nature Research Methods 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. for Business www.wiley.com/college/sekaran Pragmatism Do not take a particular position on what makes good research
Research on both objective and subjective
phenomena can produce useful knowledge
Relationship between theory and practice
Purpose of theory is to inform practice
Research Methods 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. for Business www.wiley.com/college/sekaran
(Geotechnologies and the Environment 10) Rob Roggema (auth.), Janardhanan Sundaresan, K M Santosh, Andrea Déri, Rob Roggema, Ramesh Singh (eds.)-Geospatial Technologies and Climate Change-Springer Int.pdf
(Rhetoric, Knowledge, and Society Series) Patrick Dias, Aviva Freedman, Peter Medway, Anthony Par - Worlds Apart - Acting and Writing in Academic and Workplace Contexts-Routledge (1999) PDF