WHAT IS NMEA?

NMEA is the acronyms stands for The National Marine

Electronics Association (NMEA) which is a non-profit
association of manufacturers, distributors, dealers,
educational institutions, and others interested in
peripheral marine electronics occupations.
 
The National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA)
has developed a standard over 20 years ago that
defines the interface between various pieces of marine
electronic equipment and navigational computers,
allowing them to talk together and share vital
information.
 NMEA 0183 STANDARDS
The NMEA 0183 Interface Standards was first released in March
of 1983. It has been updated from time to time, the latest
release, currently (January 2002) Version 4.0.
 
The NMEA 0183 is a combined electrical and data specification for
communication between marine electronic devices.

The NMEA 0183 standard uses a simple printable ASCII form and
serial communications protocol

The NMEA 0183 defines how data is transmitted in a "sentence"

from one "talker" to multiple "listeners" at a time.

The data may include information such as position, speed, depth,

frequency allocation, etc.
 NMEA 0183 STANDARDS
NMEA data is transmitted from an information source such as a
GPS, echo sounder, or gyro compass etc. These data sending
devices are called “Talkers”.

While the equipments receiving this information such as a chart-

plotter, radar, PC or NMEA display is called a “Listener”.
 
The NMEA 0183 defines the interface speed is 4800 b/s (bit per
second rate) with 8 bits of data, no parity, one stop bit (or
more) and none handshake. (means At 4800 b/s it can only
send 480 characters in one second)

NMEA output is EIA-422A but for most purposes it can consider

RS-232 compatible
 NMEA 0183 SENTENCES
All data is transmitted in the form of sentences. Only
printable ASCII characters are allowed, plus carriage
return (CR) and line feed (LF). Each sentence starts
with a "$" sign and ends with <CR><LF> and can be
no longer than 80 characters.
 
All of the standard sentences have a two letter
prefix that defines the device that uses that
’sentence type’ and followed by a three letter
sequence that defines the ’sentence contents’.

(E.g. GPGGA: GP is prefix for GPS receiver and GGA is

prefix for GPS fix data)
 NMEA 0183 SENTENCES
All data fields in the sentences are comma-delimited. And where
data is unavailable, the corresponding field would contained NULL
bytes.

(e.g., in "123,,456", the second field's data is unavailable).

 
There is a requirement for checksum at the end of some sentence.

The checksum field consists of a '*' and two hex digits representing
an 8 bit exclusive OR of all characters between the '$' and '*'
sentence. For example:

($GPGGA,123519,4807.038,N,01131.000,E,1,08,0.9,545.4,M,46.9,M,,*47)
 NMEA 0183 SENTENCES

The Diagram shows the setting of NMEA default parameters and

the NMEA Sentences
 NMEA 0183 SENTENCES
There are three basic kinds of sentences:

1.Talker Sentences
2.Query Sentences
3.Proprietary Sentences
 NMEA 0183 SENTENCES
1. Talker Sentences
$ttsss,d1,d2,....<CR><LF>
• The first two letters following the “$” are the talker identifier.
• The next three characters (sss) are the sentence identifier,
• followed by a number of data fields separated by commas,
• followed by an optional checksum,
• and terminated by carriage return/line feed.
 
$HCHDM,238,M<CR><LF>
• "HC" specifies the talker as being a magnetic compass,
• the "HDM" specifies the magnetic heading message follows.
• The "238" is the heading value and,
• "M" designates the heading value as magnetic.
 NMEA 0183 SENTENCES
2. Query sentences (means for a listener to request a particular sentence
from a talker)
$ttllQ,sss,[CR][LF]
• The first two characters of the address field are the talker identifier of the
requester. (tt)
• The next two characters are the talker identifier of the device being
queried (listener). (II)
• The fifth character is always a "Q" defining the message as a query.
• The next field (sss) contains the three letter mnemonic of the sentence
being requested.
 $CCGPQ,GGA<CR><LF>
• The "CC" device (computer) is requesting from the "GP" device (a GPS
unit) the "GGA" sentence.
• The GPS will then transmit this sentence once per second until a different
query is requested.
 NMEA 0183 SENTENCES
3. Proprietary Sentences

The standard also allows individual manufacturers to

define their proprietary sentence formats.

These sentences start with "$P", then a 3 letter

manufacturer ID, followed by whatever data the
manufacturer wishes, following the general format of
the standard sentences. Such an examples:
 NMEA 0183 SENTENCES
Magellan
Magellan uses proprietary sentences to do all of their waypoint and route
maintenance. They use the MGN prefix for their sentences.

$PMGNST,02.12,3,T,534,05.0,+03327,00*40
• The first character defines it is a proprietary sentences (P)
• The next three character is refer to the manufacturer ID (MGN)
• ST is status information
• 02.12 is a Version number
• 3 means 3D fix (x, y, z) or otherwise 2D (x, y)
• T is for True if it has a fix or F for False otherwise
• 534 numbers change – unknown
• 05.0 is time left on the GPS battery in hours
• +03327 numbers change (freq. compensation)
• 00 is Pseudo Random Noise (PRN)[1] number receiving current focus
• *40 checksum
 
1. Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) is a signal similar to noise which satisfies one or more of the
standard tests for statistical randomness.
NMEA 0183 TALKERS IDENTIFIERS
 NMEA 0183 SENTENCE
FORMATTERS
List of the three formatters which related to GPS
 DECODE OF THE NMEA 0183 SENTENCES

1. GGA – GPS Fix Data that provides Time, Position (3D location) etc for GPS receiver.

$GPGGA,123519,4807.038,N,01131.000,E,1,08,0.9,545.4,M,46.9,M,,*47

1. Time (UT) – Fix taken at 12 hours 35 minutes and 19 seconds

2. Latituted – Latitude at 4807.038
3. Northing or Southing – Northing
4. Longitude – Longitude at 1131.000
5. Easting or Westing – Easting
6. GPS Quality Indicator: 1 – GPS fix
0 – Fix is not available 4 – Real Time Kinematic fix 8 – Simulation Mode
1 – GPS fix 5 – Float RTK fix
2 – Differential GPS fix 6 – Estimated (dead reckoning)
3 – Precise Positioning Services fix 7 – Manual Input Mode

7. Number of Satellite in View (00 to 12) – 8 satellites available

8. Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP) – 0.9
9. Antenna Altitude above / below Mean Sea Level (MSL) (Geoid) – 545.4
10. Unit of Antenna Altitude – Meters
11. Geoid Separation - 469.9 (means MSL above the ellipsoid. If negative means otherwise)
12. Unit of Geoid Separation – Meters
13. Time (in Seconds) the Last DGPS Updates – Null means DGPS is not been used
14. DGPS Station ID number – not available
15. Checksum – total of the characters of the sentence is 47
 DECODE OF THE NMEA 0183 SENTENCES

2. GSA – GPS dilution of precision and active satellites

$GPGSA,A,3,19,28,14,18,27,22,31,39,,,,,1.7,1.0,1.3*35
 
1. Selection Mode – Automatic (2D or 3D) otherwise is Manual
(force to operate in 2D or 3D)
2. Mode: – 3 means 3D 1= Fix not available, 2 = 2D, 3 = 3D
3. ID of 1st Satellite Used For Fix
to
14. ID of 14th Satellite Used For Fix
15. PDOP in Meters – 1.7
16. HDOP in Meters – 1.0
17. VDOP in Meters – 1.3
18. Checksum – Total of characters in the sentence is 35
 DECODE OF THE NMEA 0183 SENTENCES

3. GSA – Satellites in View

$GPGSV,4,1,13,02,02,213,,03,-3,000,,11,00,121,,14,13,172,05*67
 
1. Total Number of Messages – 4
2. Message Number – 1
3. Total Number of Satellite in View – 13 Satellites available
4. Satellite PRN number – 02
5. Elevation in Degrees – 02 Degree (90 Degree is maximum)
6. Azimuth, Degrees From True North, 000 to 360 – 213 Degree
7. SNR in dB, 00 to 99 – Null means no tracking
8. to 11. Information about 2nd Satellite (same as No. 4 – 7)
12. to 15. Information about 3rd Satellite (same as No. 4 – 7)
16. to 19. Information about 4th Satellite (same as No. 4 – 7)
20. Checksum – Total of characters of the sentence is 67
 
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a measure used in science and engineering to quantify how much a signal has
been corrupted by noise. It is defined as the ratio of signal power to the noise power corrupting the signal.

Decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit of measurement in acoustics and electronics

SEKIAN TERIMA KASIH

SELAMAT BERAMAL